61.Which statement best describes effective treatment of sleep disorders?
A)Sleep medications are the most effective short- and long-term treatment for sleep disorders.
B)Sleep medications can be used for long periods of time to treat severe sleep disorders.
C)Cognitive-behavioral techniques are as effective as sleep medication in treating insomnia in the short-term, but not in the long-run.
D)Cognitive-behavioral techniques are as effective as sleep medication in treating insomnia, and they are more effective in the long-run.
E)Unknown; researchers have yet to investigate and identify the best methods for treating sleep disorders.
62.Which of the following best describes sleep apnea?
A)Repeated episodes of intense fear during sleep causing sudden awakening in a terrified state
B)Sudden unexplained sleep attacks during the day
C)Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep
D)A state of dreaming in which the dreamer is aware that s/he is dreaming
E)Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep
63. Winston is an eight-year-old child who has recently started having sleep problems. He frequently wakes at night, sitting up in his bed and screaming loudly. His mother reports that he seems dazed, or ‘out of it’, and can rarely remember more than one or two fragmentary dream images that don’t seem to make sense. Winston probably is suffering from _____.
A) narcolepsy
B) sleep apnea
C) nightmare disorder
D) sleep terror disorder
E) sleepwalking disorder
64. In general, nightmare disorder occurs in ______ sleep, while sleep terror disorder occurs in ______ sleep.
A)Stage 1; Stage 2
B)REM; Stage 2
C)REM; Stage 3 or 4
D)Stage 2; Stage 3 or 4
E)Stage 2; REM
65.Kelsey has a sleep disorder in which she suddenly wakes up in the night with a panicky scream. She is only able to remember fragments of her dream images, and she is dazed and frightened upon awakening. Which sleep disorder does Kelsey most likely have?
A)Sleepwalking disorder
B)Nightmare disorder
C)Narcolepsy
D)Sleep apnea
E)Sleep terror disorder
66.Regarding sleepwalking disorder, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Sleepwalking disorder occurs more often in children than in adults, and about 5 percent of children have the disorder.
B)Sleepwalking generally occurs during deep, NREM sleep.
C)Awakening a sleepwalker can be harmful.
D)Sleepwalkers do not usually remember their nighttime wanderings.
E)Sleepwalkers can have accidents during their nighttime wanderings.
67. Addison has decided to learn transcendental meditation (TM). She will be given training in _____.
A) how to use a repeated sound to focus her attention
B) how to focus her attention on her unfolding experience
C) how to control her breathing and relax the muscles in her body
D) how to place herself in a state of deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility
E) how to position her body into particular postures to focus her attention
68.In meditation, a mantra is a
A)type of dance.
B)sound or phrase.
C)type of song.
D)breathing technique.
E)seating position.
69.Christiana alters her consciousness through focusing her attention on her breathing to achieve a peaceful, relaxed state. During this state, Christiana attempts to adopt a nonjudgmental state in which she has awareness of the moment. Which technique best describes what Christiana is doing?
A)Hypnosis
B)Transcendental meditation
C)Mindfulness meditation
D)Daydreaming
E)Biofeedback
70.Meditation is useful in treating each of the following EXCEPT
A)high blood pressure.
B)substance abuse.
C)chronic pain.
D)diabetes.
E)stress-related disorders.
