81. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require complex procedures in accounting for income taxes. A deferred tax asset arises when  
A. a firm recognizes an expense earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
B. a firm recognizes an expense earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
C. a firm recognizes a revenue earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
D. a firm recognizes a revenue earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
E. none of the above

82. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require complex procedures in accounting for income taxes. For example, firms provide for estimated uncollectible accounts when they recognize sales on account but delay the tax deduction until later, when firms judge that particular customers’ accounts are uncollectible. In this example, a 
A. deferred tax asset arises.
B. deferred tax liability arises.
C. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
D. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
E. firm recognizes an expense earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.

83. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require complex procedures in accounting for income taxes. For example, firms provide for estimated warranty cost in the year they sell warranted products but delay the tax deduction until later, when firms make actual expenditures for warranty repairs. In this example,  a 
A. deferred tax asset arises.
B. deferred tax liability arises.
C. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
D. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
E. firm recognizes an expense earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.

84. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require that some temporary differences create deferred tax assets. The temporary differences include the  
A. provision for estimated uncollectible accounts when they recognize sales on account, only.
B. provision for estimated warranty cost in the year the warranted products are sold, only
C. recognition of tax-exempt interest income, only.
D. payment of municipal penalties and fines, only.
E. provision for estimated uncollectible accounts when they recognize sales on account, and the provision for estimated warranty cost in the year the warranted products are sold.

85. Firms recognize deferred tax assets only to the extent that they expect to generate sufficient taxable income to realize the assets in the form of tax savings in the future. U.S. GAAP requires use of a deferred _____ to reduce the balance in the _____ account to the amount the firm expects to realize in tax savings in the future.  
A. tax asset valuation allowance; Deferred Tax Asset
B. tax expense; Deferred Tax Asset
C. tax asset valuation allowance; Deferred Tax Liability
D. tax expense; Deferred Tax Liability
E. tax expense; Deferred Tax Revenue

86. Firms recognize deferred tax assets only to the extent that they expect to generate sufficient taxable income to realize the assets in the form of tax savings in the future. IFRS requires that firms recognize the _____of deferred tax assets, with explanatory disclosures. 
A. expected realizable amount
B. present value of the amount
C. future value of the amount
D. negotiated value of the amount
E. liquidation value of the amount

87. Deferred Tax Asset or Deferred Tax Liability accounts on the balance sheet can change each period due to which of the following factors? 
A. Temporary differences originate or reverse during the current period.
B. Income tax rates expected to apply in future periods when temporary differences reverse or change during the current period.
C. A firm’s expectations of future taxable income, which affect whether a firm can realize the deferred tax assets through an actual reduction in cash outflows, change during the current period.
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

88. Acquired in-process research and development (IPR&D) is _____ for tax purposes and results in a(n) _____ effective tax rate. 
A. never deductible; increased
B. never deductible; decreased
C. always deductible; increased
D. always deductible; decreased
E. deductible over a 15 year period; decreased

89. Notes to the financial statements provide additional information about income tax expense and deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Firms report which of the following? 
A. components of income before income taxes
B. components of income tax expense
C. reconciliation from statutory to effective tax rate
D. components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
E. all of the above

90. Notes to the financial statements provide additional information about income tax expense and deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Firms do not report which of the following? 
A. components of income before income taxes
B. components of income tax expense
C. reconciliation from statutory to effective tax rate
D. components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
E. components of  taxable income after income taxes

81. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require complex procedures in accounting for income taxes. A deferred tax asset arises when  
A. a firm recognizes an expense earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
B. a firm recognizes an expense earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
C. a firm recognizes a revenue earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
D. a firm recognizes a revenue earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
E. none of the above

82. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require complex procedures in accounting for income taxes. For example, firms provide for estimated uncollectible accounts when they recognize sales on account but delay the tax deduction until later, when firms judge that particular customers’ accounts are uncollectible. In this example, a 
A. deferred tax asset arises.
B. deferred tax liability arises.
C. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
D. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
E. firm recognizes an expense earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.

83. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require complex procedures in accounting for income taxes. For example, firms provide for estimated warranty cost in the year they sell warranted products but delay the tax deduction until later, when firms make actual expenditures for warranty repairs. In this example,  a 
A. deferred tax asset arises.
B. deferred tax liability arises.
C. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for financial reporting than for tax reporting.
D. firm recognizes a revenue earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.
E. firm recognizes an expense earlier for tax reporting than for financial reporting.

84. U.S. GAAP and IFRS require that some temporary differences create deferred tax assets. The temporary differences include the  
A. provision for estimated uncollectible accounts when they recognize sales on account, only.
B. provision for estimated warranty cost in the year the warranted products are sold, only
C. recognition of tax-exempt interest income, only.
D. payment of municipal penalties and fines, only.
E. provision for estimated uncollectible accounts when they recognize sales on account, and the provision for estimated warranty cost in the year the warranted products are sold.

85. Firms recognize deferred tax assets only to the extent that they expect to generate sufficient taxable income to realize the assets in the form of tax savings in the future. U.S. GAAP requires use of a deferred _____ to reduce the balance in the _____ account to the amount the firm expects to realize in tax savings in the future.  
A. tax asset valuation allowance; Deferred Tax Asset
B. tax expense; Deferred Tax Asset
C. tax asset valuation allowance; Deferred Tax Liability
D. tax expense; Deferred Tax Liability
E. tax expense; Deferred Tax Revenue

86. Firms recognize deferred tax assets only to the extent that they expect to generate sufficient taxable income to realize the assets in the form of tax savings in the future. IFRS requires that firms recognize the _____of deferred tax assets, with explanatory disclosures. 
A. expected realizable amount
B. present value of the amount
C. future value of the amount
D. negotiated value of the amount
E. liquidation value of the amount

87. Deferred Tax Asset or Deferred Tax Liability accounts on the balance sheet can change each period due to which of the following factors? 
A. Temporary differences originate or reverse during the current period.
B. Income tax rates expected to apply in future periods when temporary differences reverse or change during the current period.
C. A firm’s expectations of future taxable income, which affect whether a firm can realize the deferred tax assets through an actual reduction in cash outflows, change during the current period.
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

88. Acquired in-process research and development (IPR&D) is _____ for tax purposes and results in a(n) _____ effective tax rate. 
A. never deductible; increased
B. never deductible; decreased
C. always deductible; increased
D. always deductible; decreased
E. deductible over a 15 year period; decreased

89. Notes to the financial statements provide additional information about income tax expense and deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Firms report which of the following? 
A. components of income before income taxes
B. components of income tax expense
C. reconciliation from statutory to effective tax rate
D. components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
E. all of the above

90. Notes to the financial statements provide additional information about income tax expense and deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Firms do not report which of the following? 
A. components of income before income taxes
B. components of income tax expense
C. reconciliation from statutory to effective tax rate
D. components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
E. components of  taxable income after income taxes

61) Which of the following is an example of a normative economic statement?

A) Universal access to quality health insurance is the most important domestic policy issue of our time.

B) Extending the time in which laid-off workers are eligible to receive government unemployment compensation has increased the unemployment rate.

C) Lowering marginal income tax rates depresses consumer spending.

D) Prices rise when the government prints too much money.

E) Interest rates rise when the government runs persistent budget deficits.

62) A statement that "All children should receive free health care" is an example of what kind of statement?

A) a fair statement

B) a natural experiment statement

C) a normative statement

D) a positive statement

E) a statement on the margin

63) Which of the following statements is a normative statement?

A) Inflation has been at an all-time low this year.

B) The minimum wage should be increased to $8.50 per hour.

C) Unemployment this month has increased by less than 0.5 percentage point..

D) Additional spending on education has not produced any rise in test scores.

E) Pepsi is less expensive than Coke this week.

64) Which of the following is an example of a normative statement?

A) If cars become more expensive, fewer people will buy them.

B) Car prices should be affordable.

C) If wages increase, firms will fire some workers.

D) Fewer people die in larger cars than in smaller cars.

E) Cars emit pollution.

65) Which of the following statements is a normative statement?

A) Every American household should have health care insurance coverage.

B) Military spending as a percent of government spending decreased by 5 percent in the 1990s.

C) Welfare reform has decreased the amount the government spends on welfare.

D) The price of computers fell last year.

E) Fewer people are unemployed this year than last year.

66) Congress and the President passed a national health care policy. This is an example of

A) the government using economic tools to make policy decisions.

B) answering the "how" question.

C) increasing the marginal cost of health care.

D) increasing the marginal benefit of health care.

E) normative versus positive economics.

67) Opportunity cost is best defined as

A) how much money is paid for something.

B) how much money and time it takes to consume something.

C) the value of the highest-valued alternative that is forgone in making a choice.

D) the total of all other alternatives that are forgone in making a choice.

E) the sunk cost of any decision.

68) John has two hours of free time this evening. He ranked his alternatives, first go to a concert, second go to a movie, third study for an economics exam, and fourth answer his e-mail. What is the opportunity cost of attending the concert for John?

A) attending a movie

B) studying for an economics exam

C) answering his e-mail

D) attending a movie, studying for an economics exam, and answering his e-mail

E) going to the concert because that is what John choose to do

69) Jamie has enough money to buy either a Mountain Dew, or a Pepsi, or a bag of chips. He chooses to buy the Mountain Dew. The opportunity cost of the Mountain Dew is

A) the Pepsi and the bag of chips.

B) the Pepsi or the bag of chips, whichever the highest-valued alternative forgone.

C) the Mountain Dew.

D) the Pepsi because it is a drink, as is the Mountain Dew.

E) zero because he enjoys the Mountain Dew.

70) Amy can study for an hour or spend that hour sleeping or going out for dinner. If she decides to study for the hour, the opportunity cost of the hour spent studying is

A) definitely going to sleep.

B) studying since this is the choice she opted for.

C) sleeping or going out for dinner, whichever she would have preferred the most.

D) sleeping and going out for dinner.

E) definitely going out to dinner because she must eat at some time.

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