21.
Which of the following is TRUE of schemas?
A.
A schema occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.
B.
Schemas are never susceptible to error.
C.
Schemas are absolutely accurate as our moods affect how we perceive others and we make judgments based on our moods.
D.
Schemas help us predict what others are like on the basis of relatively little information.
22.
Unusually important characteristics that help one form an initial overall impression of another individual are called _____ traits.
A.
primary
B.
cardinal
C.
central
D.
schematic
23.
One forms an impression of another individual:
A.
very quickly, within a few seconds.
B.
very quickly, within a few minutes.
C.
gradually, over time.
D.
within the first several encounters.
24.
_____ are brought about by something in the environment.
A.
Dispositional causes
B.
Situational causes
C.
Internal causes
D.
Personality causes
25.
Fiona got an e-mail from her manager, Rebecca, asking her to meet to discuss a past project. Unfortunately, Fiona was struggling to complete a project due that afternoon and had to reply that she was too busy to meet today. Rebecca was not pleased with Fiona's refusal to meet her and told another coworker that she thought Fiona was "too busy and important" to meet with her supervisor, thus she is an unpleasant snob. Rebecca is making a ______ attribution of Fiona.
A.
situational
B.
dispositional
C.
primary
D.
secondary
26.
Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors are called _____ causes.
A.
situational
B.
circumstantial
C.
environmental
D.
dispositional
27.
"Probably, he cheated on the test because he is a dishonest person." This is a(n) _____ attribution.
A.
dispositional
B.
situational
C.
central
D.
peripheral
28.
Which of the following attribution biases is correctly matched with its definition?
A.
Halo effect—An initial impression that an individual has some positive (or negative) traits leads us to infer that they have many other positive (or negative) characteristics as well.
B.
Self-serving bias—We overemphasize dispositional factors when explaining other people's behavior.
C.
Fundamental attribution error—We assume that other people are similar to ourselves, even when we first meet them.
D.
Assumed-similarity bias—The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself.
29.
Sharon was made the captain of her softball team due to her excellent playing skills. However, the fact that she did not display good team management skills and was not very cooperative with her teammates was ignored while making her the captain. Which of the following biases is illustrated in this instance?
A.
Fundamental attribution error
B.
Assumed-similarity bias
C.
Self-serving bias
D.
Halo effect
30.
George met Paul at a seminar for the first time. When Paul expressed his political interests, George felt that Paul was very much like him as they shared the same opinions on political ideals. George's inference is an example of:
A.
selective perception.
B.
self-serving bias.
C.
assumed-similarity bias.
D.
fundamental attribution error.
