Module 7 case study | Applied Sciences homework help

1

Employee’s Name: _____________________ Interviewer: _____________________ Date: _____________

Describe Performance Concern: ________________________________________________________________

1 ¦ Yes ¦ No Has the employee received formal training on this task? If yes, check all

applicable training methods: ¦ Instructions ¦ Demonstration ¦ Rehearsal
2* ¦ Yes ¦ No Can the employee accurately describe the target task and when it should be

performed?*
3 ¦ Yes ¦ No Is there evidence that the employee has accurately completed the task in the

past?
4* ¦ Yes ¦ No

¦ N/A
If the task needs to be completed quickly, can the employee perform it at the
appropriate speed?*

1 ¦ Yes ¦ No Has the employee been informed that he/she is expected to perform the task?
2* ¦ Yes ¦ No Can the employee state the purpose of the task?
3* ¦ Yes ¦ No Is a job aid (e.g., a checklist, data sheet) for completing the task visibly located in

the task area?
4 ¦ Yes ¦ No Is the employee ever verbally, textually, or electronically reminded to complete

the task?
5 ¦ Yes ¦ No Is the task being performed in an environment well-suited for task completion

(e.g., not noisy or crowded)?

1 ¦ Yes ¦ No Are there sufficient numbers of trained staff available in the program?
2* ¦ Yes ¦ No

¦ N/A
If materials (e.g., teaching stimuli, preferred items) are required for task
completion, are they readily available (e.g., easy to find, nearby)? If no materials
are required, proceed to question 5.

List materials below and indicate their availability.

Item 1: _________________________ Item 2: _________________________
Item 3: _________________________ Item 4: _________________________

Instructions: Answer the questions below about the employee’s specific performance problem (not the
employee in general). The problem should be operationalized as either a behavioral excess or deficit. Items
with an asterisk (*) should be answered only after the information is verified through direct observation.

TRAINING

TASK CLARIFICATION & PROMPTING

RESOURCES, MATERIALS, & PROCESSES

PDC-HS
Performance Diagnostic Checklist – Human Services

2

3* ¦ Yes ¦ No
¦ N/A

Are the materials necessary to complete the task well designed for their intended
purpose?

4* ¦ Yes ¦ No
¦ N/A

Are the materials necessary to complete the task well organized for their
intended purpose?

5 ¦ Yes ¦ No Can the task be completed without first completing other tasks?? If not, indicate
below the tasks that must be completed first.

Task 1: ________________________ Task 2:_________________________
Task 3: ________________________ Task 4: _________________________

6 ¦ Yes ¦ No
¦ N/A

If you answered NO for Question 5, are other employees responsible for
completing any of the earlier tasks in the process? If so, indicate the employee(s)
below.

Task 1: ________________________ Task 2: _________________________
Task 3: ________________________ Task 4: _________________________

1 ¦ Yes ¦ No Is the employee ever directly monitored by a supervisor? If so, indicate the

frequency of monitoring.

¦ hourly ¦ daily ¦ weekly ¦ monthly ¦ Other: __________________

2 ¦ Yes ¦ No Does the employee ever receive feedback about the performance? If yes,
indicate below.

By whom? ______________ How often? ______________
Delay from task? ______________

Check all that apply:
Feedback Focus: ¦ Positive ¦ Corrective
Feedback Type: ¦ Written ¦ Verbal ¦ Graphed ¦ Other:
____________________

3 ¦ Yes ¦ No Does the employee ever see the effects of accurate task completion? If yes,
how?
_______________________________________

4 ¦ Yes ¦ No Is the task simple or does it involve relatively low response effort?
5 ¦ Yes ¦ No Does the task generally take precedence over other potentially competing tasks?

If not, indicate these competing tasks below.

Task 1: ________________________ Task 2: _________________________
Task 3: ________________________ Task 4: _________________________

PERFORMANCE CONSEQUENCES, EFFORT, & COMPETETION

3

Area Item # Sample Intervention(s) Literature Citations
Training 1, 2, 3, 4 Behavioral skills training (i.e.,

instructions, modeling, rehearsal,
feedback)

Improved personnel selection

• Barnes, Dunning, & Rehfeldt
(2011)

• Nabeyama & Sturmey (2010)

• Gatewood, Feild, & Barrick

(2008)
Task

Clarification &
Prompting

1, 2 Task clarification & checklists • Cunningham & Austin (2007)
• Gravina, VanWagner, & Austin

(2008)
• Bacon, Fulton, & Malott (1982)

3, 4 Prompts • May, Austin, & Dymond (2011)
• Petscher & Bailey (2006)

5 Change/alter task location • Green, Reid, Passante, &
Canipe (2008)

Resources,
Materials, &
Processes

1 Adjust staffing • Strouse, Carroll-Hernandez,
Sherman, & Sheldon (2003)

2, 3, 4 Improve access to (2), redesign (3),
or reorganize (4) task materials

• Casella, Wilder, Neidert, Rey,
Compton & Chong (2010)

5, 6 Reassess task process and

personnel
• Diener, McGee, & Miguel (2009)
• McGee & Diener (2010)

Performance
Consequences,

Effort, &
Competition

1

2

3

4

5

Increased supervisor presence

Performance feedback

Regularly highlight task outcomes

Reduce task effort

Reduce aversive task properties

• Brackett, Reid, & Green (2007)
• Mozingo, Smith, Riordan, Reiss,

& Bailey (2006)

• Arco (2008)
• Green, Rollyson, Passante, &

Reid (2002)

• Methot, Williams, Cummings, &
Bradshaw (1996)

• Casella, Wilder, Neidert, Rey,

Compton, & Chong (2010)

• Green, Reid, Passante, &

Canipe (2008)

INTERVENTION PLANNING

Instructions: Each item scored as NO on the PDC-HS should be considered as an opportunity for
intervention with priority given to areas in which multiple items are endorsed. Interventions may be
implemented concurrently or consecutively, with the latter option being preferred for settings in which staff
resources are limited. Sample interventions and illustrative literature citations for each area are provided
below.

4

Arco, L. (2008). Feedback for improving staff training and performance in behavioral treatment programs.

Behavioral Interventions, 23, 39–64.
Bacon D. L., Fulton, B. J., & Malott R. W. (1982). Improving staff performance through the use of task checklists.

Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 4(3/4), 17–25.
Barnes, C. S., Dunning, J. L., & Rehfeldt, R. A. (2011). An evaluation of strategies for training staff to implement

the picture exchange communication system. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 1574–1583.
Brackett, L., Reid, D. H., & Green, C. W. (2007). Effects of reactivity to observations on staff performance.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 191–195.
Casella, S. E., Wilder, D. A., Neidert, P., Rey, C., Compton, M., & Chong, I. (2010). The effects of response

effort on safe performance by therapists at an autism treatment facility. Journal of Applied Behavior
Analysis, 43, 729–734.

Cunningham, T. R., & Austin, J. (2007). Goal setting, task clarification, and feedback to increase the use of the
hands-free technique by hospital operating room staff. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 673–
677.

Diener, L. H., McGee, H. M., & Miguel, C. F. (2009). An integrated approach for conducting a behavioral
systems analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 29, 108–135.

Gatewood, R. D., Feild, H., S., & Barrick, M. (2008). Human resource selection (6th ed.). Independence, KY:
Cengage Learning.

Gravina, N., VanWagner, M., & Austin, J. (2008). Increasing physical therapy equipment preparation behaviors
using task clarification, graphic feedback and modification of work environment. Journal of Organizational
Behavior Management, 28, 110–122.

Green, C. W., Rollyson, J. H., Passante, S. C., & Reid, D. H. (2002). Maintaining proficient supervisor
performance with direct support personnel: An analysis of two management approaches. Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 205-208.

Green, C., Reid, D., Passante, S., & Canipe, V. (2008). Changing less-preferred duties to more-preferred: A
potential strategy for improving supervisor work enjoyment. Journal of Organizational Behavior
Management, 28, 90–109.

May, R. J., Austin, J. L., & Dymond, S. (2011). Effects of a stimulus prompt display on therapists’ accuracy, rate,
and variation of trial type delivery during discrete trial teaching. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,
5, 305–316.

McGee, H. M., & Diener, L. H. (2010). Behavioral systems analysis in health and human services. Behavior
Modification, 34, 415–442.

Methot, L., Williams, L., Cummings, A., & Bradshaw, B. (1996). Effects of a supervisory performance feedback
meeting format on subsequent supervisor-staff and staff-client interactions in a sheltered workshop and a
residential group home. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 16(2), 3–25.

Mozingo, D. B., Smith, T., Riordan, M. R., Reiss, M. L., & Bailey, J. S. (2006). Enhancing frequency recording by
developmental disabilities treatment staff. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 253–256.

Nabeyama, R., & Sturmey, P. (2010). Using self-recording, feedback, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal for
safe and correct staff guarding and ambulation distance of students with multiple physical disabilities.
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43, 341–345.

Petscher, E. S., & Bailey, J. S. (2006). Effects of training, prompting, and self-monitoring on staff behavior in a
classroom for students with disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 215–226.

Strouse, M. C., Carroll-Hernandez, T. A., Sherman, J. A., & Sheldon, J. B. (2003). Turning over turnover: The
evaluation of a staff scheduling system in a community-based program for adults with developmental
disabilities. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 23, 45–63.

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