Question : 81) The connection between validity and reliability can be best : 1184123

Psychology

81) The connection between validity and reliability can be best expressed by the statement that validity

A) is essentially the same as reliability.

B) requires and may be assured through reliability.

C) requires but cannot be assured through reliability.

D) requires only a limited reliability.

82) Fred made 103 and Frank made 96 on an achievement test with a confidence interval of 4. These results indicate that

A) Fred’s true score is definitely higher than Frank’s true score.

B) measurement error can account for the differences in their scores.

C) the true scores of each student are probably very close.

D) the test used to generate these scores must be very reliable.

83) IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Based on properties of the mathematical normal curve, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Approximately 90 percent of the scores fall between 85 and 115.

B) A score of 70 is equally as probable as is a score of 130.

C) There are more scores above 130 than below 85.

D) There are more scores above the mean than below the mean.

84) What is the major issue underlying high-stakes testing?

A) A decreased emphasis on standardized testing in favor of authentic testing

B) An increased dependence on standardized tests for decision making

C) The relatively high expense of testing large numbers of students

D) The lack of validity of many standardized tests in use today

85) Molly is preparing to take a standardized test that will be used by administrators to evaluate the type of school placement she should have. What type of assessment is Molly involved in?

A) Criterion-referenced

B) High-stakes testing

C) Norm-referenced

D) Standardized aptitude testing

86) A test or any assessment instrument is objective to the extent that it

A) is free of biases of the test administrators and scorers.

B) measures only a very few variables at a time.

C) predicts an important and realistic criterion.

D) yields the same score each time an individual takes it.

87) Research on bias in testing indicates that standardized tests predict school achievement

A) equally well for all groups of students.

B) equally well for white, English-speaking students.

C) very accurately for only a small percentage of students.

D) very accurately for high SES students in all ethnic groups.

88) Students from minority groups in deprived socioeconomic backgrounds who have taken culture-fair tests have generally performed

A) better than other minority groups on standardized tests.

B) better than their non-deprived peers but worse than non-minority groups.

C) on par with or even worse than their own performances on other types of standardized tests.

D) worse than their non-deprived peers if the test was individually administered.

89) Mr. Garren has been emphasizing authentic testing in his social studies class. Which one of the following will be a likely result of this emphasis?

A) Fewer essay tests

B) More exhibitions by students of their work

C) More mastery grading of performances

D) More reliable grading of students

Use this information for the following question(s). The following descriptive statistics are given for an educational psychology examination administered to 323 students (N). There were 60 multiple-choice items (k) on this test. The items in this set are classified as Use of Knowledge (U) items and are referenced to pp. 526-532 in Chapter 14.

Descriptive Statistics

k = 60

High score = 56

N = 323

Low score = 20

Mean = 40.45

ralpha = 0.78

s (S.D.) = 7.45

sm = 3.40

90) The reliability of this test was fairly weak.