81) The connection between validity and reliability can be best expressed by the statement that validity
A) is essentially the same as reliability.
B) requires and may be assured through reliability.
C) requires but cannot be assured through reliability.
D) requires only a limited reliability.
82) Fred made 103 and Frank made 96 on an achievement test with a confidence interval of 4. These results indicate that
A) Fred’s true score is definitely higher than Frank’s true score.
B) measurement error can account for the differences in their scores.
C) the true scores of each student are probably very close.
D) the test used to generate these scores must be very reliable.
83) IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Based on properties of the mathematical normal curve, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Approximately 90 percent of the scores fall between 85 and 115.
B) A score of 70 is equally as probable as is a score of 130.
C) There are more scores above 130 than below 85.
D) There are more scores above the mean than below the mean.
84) What is the major issue underlying high-stakes testing?
A) A decreased emphasis on standardized testing in favor of authentic testing
B) An increased dependence on standardized tests for decision making
C) The relatively high expense of testing large numbers of students
D) The lack of validity of many standardized tests in use today
85) Molly is preparing to take a standardized test that will be used by administrators to evaluate the type of school placement she should have. What type of assessment is Molly involved in?
A) Criterion-referenced
B) High-stakes testing
C) Norm-referenced
D) Standardized aptitude testing
86) A test or any assessment instrument is objective to the extent that it
A) is free of biases of the test administrators and scorers.
B) measures only a very few variables at a time.
C) predicts an important and realistic criterion.
D) yields the same score each time an individual takes it.
87) Research on bias in testing indicates that standardized tests predict school achievement
A) equally well for all groups of students.
B) equally well for white, English-speaking students.
C) very accurately for only a small percentage of students.
D) very accurately for high SES students in all ethnic groups.
88) Students from minority groups in deprived socioeconomic backgrounds who have taken culture-fair tests have generally performed
A) better than other minority groups on standardized tests.
B) better than their non-deprived peers but worse than non-minority groups.
C) on par with or even worse than their own performances on other types of standardized tests.
D) worse than their non-deprived peers if the test was individually administered.
89) Mr. Garren has been emphasizing authentic testing in his social studies class. Which one of the following will be a likely result of this emphasis?
A) Fewer essay tests
B) More exhibitions by students of their work
C) More mastery grading of performances
D) More reliable grading of students
Use this information for the following question(s). The following descriptive statistics are given for an educational psychology examination administered to 323 students (N). There were 60 multiple-choice items (k) on this test. The items in this set are classified as Use of Knowledge (U) items and are referenced to pp. 526-532 in Chapter 14.
Descriptive Statistics
k = 60
High score = 56
N = 323
Low score = 20
Mean = 40.45
ralpha = 0.78
s (S.D.) = 7.45
sm = 3.40
90) The reliability of this test was fairly weak.
A) The conclusion in this item’s statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B) The conclusion in this item’s statement is supported by the above data.
C) There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
91) The amount of measurement error in the score distribution is acceptable.
A) The conclusion in this item’s statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B) The conclusion in this item’s statement is supported by the above data.
C) There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
92) There are 5.30 standard deviation units in this distribution of scores.
A) The conclusion in this item’s statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B) The conclusion in this item’s statement is supported by the above data.
C) There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
93) The central tendency of the score distribution indicates a symmetrical distribution.
A) The conclusion in this item’s statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B) The conclusion in this item’s statement is supported by the above data.
C) There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
94) The validity of this test is relatively strong.
A) The conclusion in this item’s statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B) The conclusion in this item’s statement is supported by the above data.
C) There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
95) A raw score of 33 places a student one standard deviation below the mean.
A) The conclusion in this item’s statement is NOT supported by the above data.
B) The conclusion in this item’s statement is supported by the above data.
C) There are insufficient data presented to warrant this conclusion.
Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.
You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.
Read moreEach paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.
Read moreThanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.
Read moreYour email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.
Read moreBy sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.
Read more