Question :
11. Factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the : 1252630
11. Factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable are referred to as:
A. double-blinds.
B. placebo effects.
C. experimental bias.
D. participant bias.
12. To guard against participant expectations biasing the results of an experiment, the experimenter may:
A. disclose to participants how earlier participants tested.
B. explain to the participant what the desired outcome should be.
C. try to disguise the true purpose of the experiment.
D. allow the participant to interact with people who have already been part of the experiment.
13. When cues are transmitted to participants about how they are expected to behave in particular experimental conditions, the research results may reflect _____ expectations. When people develop their own ideas about the topic of the research, the investigation’s outcomes may be biased by _____.
A. experimenter; participant expectations
B. experimenter; experimenter expectations
C. participant; participant expectations
D. participant; experimenter expectations
14. In Dr. Suarez’s social psychology lab, some college students taking part in the research suspect that interpersonal attraction processes are under study. This knowledge influences the way they interact with each other. In a play session during a child development study, Dr. Thomas’ research assistants are more likely to unconsciously reinforce aggressive behavior among children who view a violent video clip than among children viewing a nonviolent clip. Dr. Suarez’s research is susceptible to _____ expectations. Dr. Thomas’ work is prone to _____.
A. experimenter; participant expectations
B. experimenter; experimenter expectations
C. participant; participant expectations
D. participant; experimenter expectations
15. What is a placebo?
A. A small marsupial
B. A Japanese “hybrid” car
C. A false experimental treatment
D. A sac that contains and nourishes a fetus
16. _____ is a false treatment, such as a pill, “drug,” or other substance, without any significant chemical properties or active ingredients.
A. A double-blind procedure
B. A correlation coefficient
C. A placebo
D. A single-blind procedure
17. A team of researchers conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug in treating anxiety disorders. The participants in the control group receive sugar pills without active ingredients, while those in the experimental group receive the new, anti-anxiety drug. In this example, the researchers use:
A. a double-blind procedure.
B. a correlation coefficient.
C. a placebo.
D. a single-blind procedure.
18. In an experiment involving a placebo:
A. all the participants receive a treatment.
B. the participants in the control group aware of the purpose of the research.
C. the experimenter who interacts with the participant is unaware of the nature of the drug that is being administered.
D. the participants belong to diverse ethnicities.
19. A placebo is intended to minimize _____ expectations; a double-blind procedure minimizes _____.
A. participant; experimenter expectations
B. participant; participant expectations
C. experimenter; experimenter expectations
D. experimenter; participant expectations
20. In a _____ both the participant and the experimenter who interacts with the participant is unaware of the nature of the drug that is being administered.
A. double-blind procedure
B. control treatment
C. placebo experiment
D. single-blind procedure
21. A pharmaceutical company is conducting an experiment to test the effectiveness of a tricyclic antidepressant. Which of the following, if true, would indicate that the experimenters used a placebo?
A. The participants were asked to pick a chit, to decide if they were to be assigned to the experimental or control group.
B. The participants were informed about the medication they would be taking and its possible side effects before starting the treatment.
C. The participants in both groups did not know if they were getting a real or a false treatment.
D. The research assistants who administered the drugs were asked to establish rapport with the participants.
22. A double-blind procedure is administered to overcome _____.
A. participant expectations
B. memory bias
C. reporting bias
D. experimenter expectations
23. A pharmaceutical company wishes to test the efficacy of a new antidepressant using a double-blind procedure. Which alternative correctly describes the procedure the company would use?
A. The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient would also know which type of pill he or she was taking.
B. The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.
C. The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would know which type of pill he or she was taking.
D. The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Also, each patient would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.
