Question :
116. Montel, in response to reading about the declining : 1200655
116. Montel, in response to reading about the declining morals in this country, states, “I’m going to pay my income tax anyway. What would happen to the country if everybody cheated?” His reasoning best illustrates which stage?
a.Punishment and obedience
b.Market exchange
c.Law and order
d.Social contract
Use the following information for Questions 117 and 118.
Bill, during the course of a tennis match, developed a severe blister on his right foot. He asked his opponent if the opponent would mind if he went to his car to get some tape to put on the blister. Bill said it would take only 5 minutes. “I’m sorry,” his opponent responded. “The book says only a 2-minute injury timeout in a match.”
117. Feeling justified in responding that way suggests that the opponent is at which stage of moral reasoning?
a.Market exchange
b.Interpersonal harmony
c.Law and order
d.Universal principles
118. If the opponent had said, “Sure, go ahead. I know it’s no fun playing with a blister,” he would have been operating at which of the following stages of moral reasoning?
a.Punishment and obedience
b.Market exchange
c.Interpersonal harmony
d.Law and order
Use the following information for Questions 119 and 120.
Mrs. Ossi solicits and receives significant input from her students on her classroom rules. “These are what we agreed upon,” she emphasizes, “so it is important that we all honor them as the guidelines for our behavior in here. This will help us all learn as much as we can.”
119. If Mrs. Ossi views obeying the rules as an ethical issue, which of the following stages is she attempting to reach?
a.Market exchange
b.Interpersonal harmony
c.Law and order
d.Social contract
120. According to Kohlberg’s theory, Mrs. Ossi is likely to be most successful if she teaches:
a.first graders.
b.third graders.
c.fifth graders.
d.eighth graders.
121.Carol Gilligan suggests that the “morality of caring” proceeds through three steps. Which of the following is not one of those steps?
a.A focus on an individual’s own needs
b.Care for another in response to that person’s caring for the individual
c.Care for others who are not able to care for themselves
d.Recognizing that personal relationships are interdependent and extending compassion to all of humanity.
122.Of the following, which best describes Carol Gilligan’s criticism of Kohlberg’s work?
a.His work fails to adequately consider the ways in which emotions influence morality.
b.His work fails to adequately consider the ways in which gender influences morality.
c.His work fails to adequately consider the ways in which culture influences morality.
d.His work fails to adequately consider the ways in which learner exceptionalities influence morality.
123.To encourage the development of a morality of caring, Carol Gilligan recommends that teachers do which of the following?
a.Reinforce students with praise and other rewards when they display behaviors that demonstrate caring.
b.Use acceptable forms of punishment, such as timeout, when students display behaviors that indicate a lack of caring.
c.Create a curriculum that provides students with opportunities to think and talk about moral issues involving caring.
d.Invite guest speakers involved in caring professions, such as doctors, nurses, and ministers into class to discuss the importance of caring.
124.The painful emotion aroused when people recognize that they have failed to act or think in ways they believe are good, is best described as:
a.shame.
b.guilt.
c.distress.
d.empathy.
125.The ability to experience the same emotion someone else is feeling is described as:
a.empathy.
b.compassion.
c.distress.
d.guilt.
126.The ability to understand shame, guilt, and empathy, in ourselves as well as others is best described as:
a.moral development.
b.emotional intelligence.
c.ethical reasoning.
d.morality of caring.
127.When young people feel ashamed or guilty about something that they have done, which of the following is the most valid conclusion?
a.They have low self-esteem.
b.They will develop aggressive tendencies.
c.Their social development will be impaired.
d.Their moral development has advanced.
128. Which of the following are components of emotional intelligence?
a.Shame, anger, empathy
b.Shame, guilt, empathy
c.Anger, guilt, frustration
d.Guilt, shame, frustration
Use the following information for items 129 and 130.
Ashley, Donna, Paige, and Charlotte are planning a sleep over, and they are considering who else they should ask.
“How about Jasmine?” Ashley wonders.
“No, she talks too much,” Charlotte counters.
“But her feelings will really be hurt if we don’t,” Paige adds.
“So?” Charlotte shrugs. “She’ll never find out.”
“I think it’s okay,” Donna adds. “She’s actually funny, and I like her.”
129.Based on the evidence in the vignette, the one whose moral development is most advanced is:
a.Ashley.
b.Paige.
c.Charlotte.
d.Donna.
130.Based on the evidence in the vignette, the one whose moral development is least advanced is:
a.Ashley.
b.Paige.
c.Charlotte.
d.Donna.
