Question :
31. “I don’t know who told me first, but I heard : 1252482
31. “I don’t know who told me first, but I heard that Kenny?” Lana begins, sharing gossip on the phone to a friend. Lana is experiencing:
A. anterograde amnesia.
B. retrograde amnesia.
C. dissociative amnesia.
D. source amnesia.
32. During a conversation, Jerry told his friend that their favorite rock band was coming to perform in their city. However, he could not remember the medium through which he got the information about the show. Jerry was experiencing:
A. anterograde amnesia.
B. retrograde amnesia.
C. dissociative amnesia.
D. source amnesia.
33. _____ is a process in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events.
A. Nondeclarative process
B. Consolidation
C. Constructive process
D. Long-term potentiation
34. The first psychologist to emphasize the importance of constructive processes in memory was:
A. Frederic Bartlett.
B. Hermann Ebbinghaus.
C. George Miller.
D. George Sperling.
35. A schema is:
A. a conceptual framework for interpreting a situation.
B. a form of proactive interference.
C. an important result of decay.
D. an item that has been forgotten.
36. How does use of a schema improve memory?
A. A schema improves memory for details.
B. A schema provides a framework to use in interpreting a situation.
C. A schema helps avoid making errors in remembering the details of a situation.
D. A schema prevents the erosion of implicit memories.
37. Dr. Tranh has given so many lectures that he gives little thought to what he expects might happen: He assumes students will assemble, take notes, and occasionally ask a question. That Dr. Tranh finds the process so routine reflects the development of:
A. a semantic association.
B. explicit memory.
C. a retrieval path.
D. a schema.
38. Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted an experiment in which participants estimated the speed of a car described as either contacting or smashing into another. To which of the following conclusions regarding eyewitness memory is this study most relevant?
A. The presence of a weapon attracts witnesses’ attention, impairing their memory.
B. Eyewitnesses confidence is only weakly related to eyewitness memory.
C. Eyewitness memory can be heavily influenced by leading questions.
D. Child eyewitnesses are especially suggestible.
39. The unconscious process whereby disturbing memories are prevented from entering awareness is called:
A. repression.
B. denial.
C. projection.
D. suppression.
40. The idea that disturbing memories may be repressed derives from:
A. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.
B. Bartlett’s constructive memory approach.
C. Loftus’s notion of false memories.
D. the three-stage model of memory.
41. Which of the following alternatives best expresses psychologist Elizabeth Loftus’ position on the validity of repressed memories?
A. Repressed memories are often false. They reflect confusion regarding the source of a memory.
B. Repressed memories are often false. They reflect an impairment of implicit memory mechanisms.
C. Repressed memories are often false. They reflect a failure of maintenance rehearsal.
D. Repressed memories are often true. They reflect the operation of defense mechanisms protecting us from unpleasant or disturbing thoughts.
42. Middle-aged Mrs. Lovett is recalling her first Christmas as a young newlywed at her in-laws’ Wyoming ranch. This is a(n) _____ memory.
A. procedural
B. implicit
C. autobiographical
D. nondeclarative
43. Which of the following best encapsulates autobiographical memory?
A. Autobiographical memory is just as inaccurate as other types of memory are. The different periods of one’s life are remembered with equal ease.
B. Autobiographical memory is just as inaccurate as other types of memory are. Some periods of one’s life are recalled more easily than are others.
C. Autobiographical memory is more accurate than other types of memory are. The different periods of one’s life are remembered with equal ease.
D. Autobiographical memory is more accurate than other types of memory are. Some periods of one’s life are recalled more easily than are others.
44. One’s culture is most likely to influence:
A. short-term memory capacity.
B. the structure of long-term memory.
C. the strategies one uses to recall information from long-term memory.
D. the structure of procedural memory.
45. With respect to the potential influence of a written language on the recall ability of a culture’s members, research has:
A. revealed that a written language tends to decrease people’s memory ability.
B. shown that a written language tends to increase people’s memory ability.
C. revealed that a written language probably has little influence on people’s memory ability.
D. not yielded a definitive conclusion as of yet.
