Question : 31.An example of an element of external cultural that a : 1302957

31.An example of an element of external cultural that a culturally sensitive model of organizations should include is _____.

a.the organization’s plans and policies

b.the products and services produced by the organization

c.the social class of managers and of workers (page 7, moderate)

d.the size and profitability of the organization

32.In explaining organizational behavior, the text says that culture _____.

a.is the only variable needed to understand and reliably predict behavior

b.is problematic to study, due to the difficulty of adequately defining culture (page 7, moderate)

c.has recently become much easier to study and understand, due to the development of new, culturally neutral tests and other tools for measuring culture

d.is nearly insignificant, and of little value compared to other variables

33.An example of a normative theory of organizational behavior is that _____.

a.very successful organizations tend to be more efficient than others

b.some organizations satisfy their members’ needs better than others

c.satisfying the goals of an organization’s owners should take priority over satisfying the needs of its other members (page 8, moderate)

d.even organizations with high levels of internal conflict are sometimes very successful

34.The belief that one’s own group is the center of everything, and that all others should be judged and evaluated by comparison to one’s own group is known as _____.

a.values

b.ethnocentrism (page 9, easy)

c.behavioralism

d.relativism

35._____ refers to the adverse or confused reaction we often have to seemingly abnormal behavior in other cultures.

a.Culture shock (page 9, easy)

b.Normativism

c.Relativism

d.Cultural determinism

36.Guillen’s comparative study of management in four countries shows that _____.

a.scientific management is the only management paradigm that has been enthusiastically accepted in all four countries

b.the structural analysis paradigm was adopted, initially, in all four countries, but subsequently, each country has developed its own unique paradigm

c.cultural factors, such as religion, have influenced the time and degree to which countries adopt or reject various management paradigms (page 11, difficult)

d.management paradigms are powerful forces that tend to take hold in each industrializing country in the same sequence and degree, regardless of the supposed influences of national cultures

37.An advantage of using the comparative method in the study of international organizational behavior is that it _____.

a.reduces the risk that we might overlook the importance of our own familiar and reliable set of values and orientations

b.has provided definitive proof to support the divergence theory

c.allows us to better focus on normative theories

d.reduces or eliminates cultural biases, such as ethnocentrism (page 9, difficult)

38.Findings from the World Values survey show that _____.

a.globalization is clearly leading all countries toward a single, uniform “McWorld” culture

b.economic development tends to push societies in a common direction, but their distinct religious and other traditions will maintain cultural differences (page 12, moderate)

c.cultures of the world are on a collision course due to fierce and incompatible economic rivalries

d.despite globalization and economic development, there actually were little or no changes to values held over the two decades studied by researchers

39.Research such as Guillen’s on the convergence‑divergence question suggests that _____.

a.urbanization is a major force pushing towards divergence

b.religion is a major force that will maintain cultural divergence (page 13, moderate)

c.different national value systems are rapidly merging into a single, uniform system

d.all of the above are true

e.none of the above are true

40.It becomes more urgent for modern managers to study and understand the culturally different practices and principles of organizational behavior if they accept the _____.

a.convergence theory of cultures

b.the bureaucratic model of organizations

c.divergence theory of cultures (page 13, moderate)

d.ethnocentric view of organizations

41.The authors’ review of the findings of the World Values Survey suggests that to improve cross-cultural management, _____.

a.the convergence argument makes the most sense

b.the divergence argument is clearly incorrect

c.a new focus on the in-depth analysis of the unique cultural values that endure may make the most sense (page 13, moderate)

d.we should emphasize action rather than theories and models, since none of them are likely to be of much help in understanding cultures