71) Suppose the change in the government's debt-to-GDP ratio in a given year is 0.026. This figure tells us that the government's debt-to-GDP ratio has

A) fallen by 0.026%.

B) risen by 0.026%.

C) risen by 2.6 percentage points.

D) fallen by 2.6 percentage points.

E) risen by 0.026 percentage points.

72) Suppose the government's debt-to-GDP ratio on January 1 of Year 1 is 32%. The change in the debt-to-GDP ratio during Year 1 is -0.037. On January 1 of Year 2 the government's debt-to-GDP ratio is

A) 31.963%.

B) 32. 037%.

C) 28.3%.

D) 35.7%.

E) Not enough information to determine.

73) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 50%.

C) fallen by 50%.

D) risen by 0.5 percentage points.

E) fallen by 0.5 percentage points.

74) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) 82 percentage points.

B) 8.2 percentage points.

C) 0.82 percentage points.

D) 2.8 percentage points.

E) 0.28 percentage points.

75) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 0.2 percentage points.

C) fallen by 0.2 percentage points.

D) risen by 2 percentage points.

E) fallen by 2 percentage points.

76) Suppose that the real rate of interest on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its policy objective is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, it must

A) eliminate the overall deficit.

B) run an annually balanced budget.

C) run a cyclically balanced budget.

D) run a primary budget deficit.

E) run a primary budget surplus.

77) Suppose the government's objective is to hold its debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level of 30%. If the real interest rate on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%, the government must

A) run a primary budget deficit of 0.6% of GDP.

B) run an overall budget deficit of 6.0% of GDP.

C) run an overall budget surplus of 6.0% of GDP.

D) run a primary budget surplus of 0.6% of GDP.

E) balance the overall budget.

78) Suppose that the real rate of interest is 3% and the growth rate of real GDP is 1%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its goal is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, then it

A) must run a cyclically balanced budget.

B) must run an annually balanced budget.

C) must run a primary budget deficit.

D) must run a primary budget surplus.

E) must eliminate the overall deficit.

79) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is less than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

B) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

E) real GDP will certainly rise.

80) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is more than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

B) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

E) the effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio is uncertain.

71) Suppose the change in the government's debt-to-GDP ratio in a given year is 0.026. This figure tells us that the government's debt-to-GDP ratio has

A) fallen by 0.026%.

B) risen by 0.026%.

C) risen by 2.6 percentage points.

D) fallen by 2.6 percentage points.

E) risen by 0.026 percentage points.

72) Suppose the government's debt-to-GDP ratio on January 1 of Year 1 is 32%. The change in the debt-to-GDP ratio during Year 1 is -0.037. On January 1 of Year 2 the government's debt-to-GDP ratio is

A) 31.963%.

B) 32. 037%.

C) 28.3%.

D) 35.7%.

E) Not enough information to determine.

73) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 50%.

C) fallen by 50%.

D) risen by 0.5 percentage points.

E) fallen by 0.5 percentage points.

74) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) 82 percentage points.

B) 8.2 percentage points.

C) 0.82 percentage points.

D) 2.8 percentage points.

E) 0.28 percentage points.

75) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 0.2 percentage points.

C) fallen by 0.2 percentage points.

D) risen by 2 percentage points.

E) fallen by 2 percentage points.

76) Suppose that the real rate of interest on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its policy objective is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, it must

A) eliminate the overall deficit.

B) run an annually balanced budget.

C) run a cyclically balanced budget.

D) run a primary budget deficit.

E) run a primary budget surplus.

77) Suppose the government's objective is to hold its debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level of 30%. If the real interest rate on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%, the government must

A) run a primary budget deficit of 0.6% of GDP.

B) run an overall budget deficit of 6.0% of GDP.

C) run an overall budget surplus of 6.0% of GDP.

D) run a primary budget surplus of 0.6% of GDP.

E) balance the overall budget.

78) Suppose that the real rate of interest is 3% and the growth rate of real GDP is 1%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its goal is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, then it

A) must run a cyclically balanced budget.

B) must run an annually balanced budget.

C) must run a primary budget deficit.

D) must run a primary budget surplus.

E) must eliminate the overall deficit.

79) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is less than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

B) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

E) real GDP will certainly rise.

80) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is more than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

B) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

E) the effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio is uncertain.

71) Suppose the change in the government's debt-to-GDP ratio in a given year is 0.026. This figure tells us that the government's debt-to-GDP ratio has

A) fallen by 0.026%.

B) risen by 0.026%.

C) risen by 2.6 percentage points.

D) fallen by 2.6 percentage points.

E) risen by 0.026 percentage points.

72) Suppose the government's debt-to-GDP ratio on January 1 of Year 1 is 32%. The change in the debt-to-GDP ratio during Year 1 is -0.037. On January 1 of Year 2 the government's debt-to-GDP ratio is

A) 31.963%.

B) 32. 037%.

C) 28.3%.

D) 35.7%.

E) Not enough information to determine.

73) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 50%.

C) fallen by 50%.

D) risen by 0.5 percentage points.

E) fallen by 0.5 percentage points.

74) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) 82 percentage points.

B) 8.2 percentage points.

C) 0.82 percentage points.

D) 2.8 percentage points.

E) 0.28 percentage points.

75) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 0.2 percentage points.

C) fallen by 0.2 percentage points.

D) risen by 2 percentage points.

E) fallen by 2 percentage points.

76) Suppose that the real rate of interest on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its policy objective is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, it must

A) eliminate the overall deficit.

B) run an annually balanced budget.

C) run a cyclically balanced budget.

D) run a primary budget deficit.

E) run a primary budget surplus.

77) Suppose the government's objective is to hold its debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level of 30%. If the real interest rate on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%, the government must

A) run a primary budget deficit of 0.6% of GDP.

B) run an overall budget deficit of 6.0% of GDP.

C) run an overall budget surplus of 6.0% of GDP.

D) run a primary budget surplus of 0.6% of GDP.

E) balance the overall budget.

78) Suppose that the real rate of interest is 3% and the growth rate of real GDP is 1%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its goal is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, then it

A) must run a cyclically balanced budget.

B) must run an annually balanced budget.

C) must run a primary budget deficit.

D) must run a primary budget surplus.

E) must eliminate the overall deficit.

79) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is less than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

B) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

E) real GDP will certainly rise.

80) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is more than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

B) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

E) the effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio is uncertain.

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