Question :
71.The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that
A)there innate mechanisms in the : 1231270
71.The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that
A)there are innate mechanisms in the brain associated with language learning.
B)there are environmental influences important for language learning.
C)the way we think affects the language we use.
D)the language we use determines the way we think.
E)differences in language do not affect our perception of reality.
72.Some scientists would say that Koko the gorilla learned human language because she
A)could use signs to form simple phrases and demonstrated a basic understanding of grammar.
B)used the American Sign Language sign for pain while pointing to her mouth, thus communicating that she had a decayed tooth.
C)was able to make requests and other communications by putting together a sequence of communication chips.
D)learned how to communicate on a keyboard by observing and imitating her mother.
E)was able to get what she wanted by responding to reinforcement schedules.
73.Who developed an artificial language based on plastic chips and trained a chimp to communicate with these chips?
A)Beatrice and Allen Gardner
B)Noam Chomsky
C)Benjamin Whorf
D)Eleanor Rosch
E)David Premack
74.Which of the following examples represents the most remarkable demonstration of teaching animals to communicate?
A)Kanzi’s mother, a chimp who learned to communicate through the pushing of geometric shapes on a keyboard
B)Washoe the chimp who learned to combine signs into simple phrases
C)Sarah the chimp who learned to communicate through placement of plastic chips
D)A chimp named Nim Chimpsky learned to “sign” via operant conditioning
E)Kanzi the chimp who learned to communicate through observation and imitation of his mother
75.Scientists believe that ape communication through gesturing represents
A)a clear use of complex rules of language on par with adult communication in humans.
B)a simple form of conditioning that can be demonstrated in the lab.
C)a form of complex communication that is unrelated to human language.
D)a form of communication that may represent a starting point for human language.
E)a form of communication having surprising complexity that can be likened to a computer language.
76. Recent research on communications with gorillas and chimpanzees suggest that these animals can learn to use language. The conclusion that these animals truly use language has been criticized because _____.
A) gestures and other simple responses can be learned through conditioning and reinforcement without a true use of language
B) language is a uniquely human attribute that cannot be shared with animals
C) the language abilities of chimpanzees are too limited to represent any form of language
D) phonemes cannot be used by chimpanzees or other animals
E) researchers have not agreed on an adequate definition of language
77.According to the text, which of the following definitions best describes intelligence?
A)the process of mentally representing and manipulating information
B)a form of problem solving in which a person selects a course of action from the available alternatives
C)originality of thought associated with the development of new, workable products or solutions
D)the ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects
E)the capacity to think and reason clearly and to act purposefully and effectively in adapting to the environment
78.According to the text, which of the following definitions best describes intelligence?
A)the ability to hold and manipulate information in mind
B)the ability to perform well on achievement tests in school
C)the ability to think clearly in challenging situations
D)the ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects
E)the capacity to think and reason clearly and to act purposefully and effectively in adapting to the environment
79.Regarding intelligence, psychologists have long argued about all but which of the following?
A)how to define it
B)what factors govern it
C)whether different racial and ethnic groups have different levels of intelligence and what accounts for these differences
D)how to measure it
E)whether it varies among members of a population
80.Among these individuals, who would be considered the earliest pioneer in the field of intelligence testing?
A)Lewis Terman
B)Alfred Binet
C)Charles Spearman
D)Robert Sternberg
E)Howard Gardner
