Question : 81. Which of the following true about the evolutionary/sociobiological perspective? A. Unlike behavioral : 1198857

81. Which of the following is true about the evolutionary/sociobiological perspective? 
A. Unlike behavioral traits, psychological traits have failed to evolve over time.
B. Evolved mechanisms are behaviors that developed to solve adaptive problems.
C. Almost all evolved mechanisms die out once they no longer serve a useful purpose.
D. Species have developed through the process of artificial selection.

82. _____ psychology applies Darwinian principles to human behavior. 
A. Cognitive
B. Behavioral
C. Evolutionary
D. Cultural

83. Self-report measures are said to be reliable when 
A. the tests measure the abilities they claim to measure.
B. the results are reasonably consistent from one time to another.
C. the sample size is very large.
D. the researcher who has developed the measure is highly qualified.

84. A team of psychologists collect data for a study by observing preschool teachers’ classroom interactions through a one-way mirror. This is an example of which research method? 
A. Laboratory observation
B. Case study
C. Naturalistic observation
D. Clinical study

85. An ethnographic study 
A. is the study of animal species’ distinctive adaptive behaviors.
B. is a case study of a culture.
C. is a study of a single individual.
D. is the study of the evolution of human behavior.

86. Jeremy is conducting a study on the stressors faced by firefighters. He collects data by joining a team of firefighters and observing them while they are at work. He is using a 
A. case study method.
B. laboratory observation method.
C. self-report method.
D. participant observation method.

87. In a correlational study, 
A. cause-and-effect relationships can be proven.
B. a single case or individual is studied in-depth.
C. researchers observe people in their natural environment.
D. the statistical relationship between two variables is discovered.

88. The only way to show with certainty that one variable causes another is through _____. 
A. a case study
B. a survey
C. a correlational study
D. experimentation

89. In an experimental study, the subjects who receive the treatment are referred to as the _____. 
A. experimental group
B. control group
C. extraneous group
D. independent group

90. In an experimental study, the subjects who do not receive the treatment are referred to as the _____. 
A. experimental group
B. control group
C. extraneous group
D. independent group

91. Kathy is conducting an experiment to test the impact of mindfulness training on adolescents’ memory. She divides her research participants into two groups. One group is provided with the mindfulness training while the other group does not receive this training. She measures their performance on memory and attention tests at the beginning and end of the training. In this experiment, the group that did not receive the mindfulness training is called the _____. 
A. experimental group
B. control group
C. independent variable
D. dependent variable

92. Which of the following is true of natural experiments? 
A. It is the most effective method of establishing a cause and effect relationship.
B. It is conducted in a laboratory.
C. It allows random assignment to treatment groups.
D. It is actually a correlational study.

93. A researcher studies identical twins separated at birth and reared in different environments to determine the influence of heredity on their personality traits. Which of the following research methods is he using? 
A. A laboratory experiment
B. An ethnographic study
C. A natural experiment
D. A correlational study

94. A cross-sectional study 
A. assesses changes in a sample over time.
B. assesses children of different ages on one occasion.
C. aims to discover whether a statistical relationship between variables exists.
D. studies human behavior in a natural setting without intervention or manipulation.

95. A university professor conducted a study on the impact of bullying on self-image in 5-year-old children. He assessed their self-image twice a year for the next 5 years. Which of the following developmental research designs did he use? 
A. Cross-sectional
B. Longitudinal
C. Cross-sequential
D. Correlational

96. An experimenter measures the cognitive skills of 5 children in each of the following age groups: 2-5 years, 8-12 years, and 14-16 years. He measures their cognitive skills several times across a span of 10 years. This is an example of which research design? 
A. Cross-sectional
B. Longitudinal
C. Sequential
D. Correlational