Question : 91. Middle-aged Mrs. Lovett recalling her first Christmas as a young : 1233672

91.

Middle-aged Mrs. Lovett is recalling her first Christmas as a young newlywed at her in-laws’ Wyoming ranch. This is a(n) _____ memory.

procedural

implicit

autobiographical

non-declarative

92.

Which of the following best encapsulates autobiographical memory?

Autobiographical memory is just as inaccurate as other types of memory. The different periods of one’s life are remembered with equal ease.

Autobiographical memory is just as inaccurate as other types of memory. Some periods of one’s life are recalled more easily than are others.

Autobiographical memory is more accurate than other types of memory. The different periods of one’s life are remembered with equal ease.

Autobiographical memory is more accurate than other types of memory. Some periods of one’s life are recalled more easily than others.

93.

One’s culture is most likely to influence:

short-term memory capacity.

the structure of long-term memory.

the strategies one uses to recall information from long-term memory.

the structure of procedural memory.

94.

In the context of the potential influence of a written language on the recall ability of a culture’s members, research has:

revealed that a written language tends to decrease people’s memory ability.

shown that a written language tends to increase people’s memory ability.

revealed that a written language probably has little influence on people’s memory ability.

not yielded a definitive conclusion as yet.

95.

The first attempts to scientifically study forgetting were made by the German psychologist:

Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Wilhelm Wundt.

Ernst Heinrich Weber.

Georg Elias Muller.

96.

Which of the following statements best describes the forgetting function that Ebbinghaus discovered?

Material is forgotten at a relatively constant rate once it has been learned.

Nothing is ever really forgotten.

Material is forgotten at a relatively slow rate at first, and then the rate of forgetting speeds up.

Material is forgotten relatively rapidly at first, and then the rate of forgetting slows down.

97.

Which of the following best describes the results of Ebbinghaus’s work on forgetting?

You’ll remember what you learn pretty well for a day or two, but then you’ll begin rapidly forgetting the material.

Beginning immediately, you’ll slowly forget what you’ve learned at a relatively constant rate.

You’ll forget most of it right away, and you’ll keep on forgetting more of it, though at a slower rate.

I forget.

98.

Jerry is at a party. He is introduced to three different people in the span of a moment. Later, he is approached by the first person he met and cannot remember her name. Which of the following is most likely the source of Jerry’s difficulty?

Jerry failed to encode the woman’s name.

Jerry’s working memory capacity was exceeded by the number of people he met.

Jerry experienced interference in retrieving the woman’s name.

Jerry failed to rehearse the woman’s name sufficiently.

99. Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln’s head faces left or right on the penny. Which of the following is probably the best explanation for Drew’s memory failure? A.

The information is difficult to retrieve because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in Drew’s long-term memory.

The information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in Drew’s long-term memory.

The information was not encoded, because Drew never really paid attention to Lincoln’s head on the penny.

The information was immediately displaced from Drew’s working memory after it was encoded.

100. Which of the following is the best reason that we have trouble remembering the license plate number of a car that we just passed ten minutes ago? A.

Working memory lasts only a minute or so.

License plate numbers are too difficult to remember easily.

We probably never encoded the number in the first place.

The memory, though present, is too difficult to retrieve except under special circumstances, such as hypnosis or substantial amounts of stress.

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July 1, 2023

61. Karen Horney’s feminine psychology emphasized the importance of our basic anxiety, which is _____.

A) a repository of accumulated ideas and images that is shared among all humans

B) the part of the personality that is aware of itself and organizes goal-seeking behavior

C) our feelings of “being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world”

D) a deep form of resentment toward their parents that is ultimately repressed

E) the banishment to the unconscious of unacceptable wishes, fantasies, urges, and impulses

62.Psychodynamic theory has been criticized on all but which of the following grounds?

A)It places too much emphasis on sexual and aggressive drives.

B)There is a general lack of evidence supporting many of the principles on which the theory is based.

C)The theory was based on evidence gathered from a small number of cases studies.

D)It is difficult to test using the scientific method.

E)It places too much emphasis on social influences.

63.Stable and enduring personal characteristics are called

A)habits.

B)tendencies.

C)traits.

D)types.

E)genes.

64.Regarding the trait perspective of personality development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Trait theorists use personality traits to predict how people are likely to behave in different situations.

B)Trait theorists are interested in learning how people differ in terms of their underlying traits.

C)Trait theorists are interested in developing ways to measure traits.

D)Trait theorists are interested in how traits are organized and structured within the personality.

E)Trait theorists believe that traits cannot be measured because they are internal structures of the mind.

65.Mahatma Gandhi’s lifelong commitment to non-violent solutions to social problems would likely be considered an example of a(n) ______ trait.

A)ordinal

B)central

C)secondary

D)cardinal

E)primary

66.In Allport’s view, cardinal traits are

A)the most pervasive characteristics of one’s personality.

B)basic building blocks of personality.

C)specific preferences.

D)fluctuating patterns of behavior.

E)superficial traits inferred from observation.

67.Allport proposed ______ types of traits in the personality, and they are called _____.

A)2; internal and external locus of control

B)5; neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

C)3; introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism

D)2; surface and source traits

E)3; cardinal, central, and secondary traits

68.Which of the following people is describing a secondary trait in Allport’s model?

A)Antwone, who says, “I am a spiritual person, and the only thing important to me is becoming a priest.”

B)Bettina, who says, “I like rap music, and I don’t like country music.”

C)Cuaron, who says, “My friends say that my basic quality is that I am generous.”

D)Deva, who says, “I’m a creative person.”

E)Evita, who says, “I like playing soccer because I’m a very competitive person in everything I do.”

69. Gordon Allport thought that cardinal traits are _____.

A) pervasive characteristics that influence a person’s behavior in most situations

B) characteristics that influence behavior in some situations, but not others

C) characteristics that can be inferred from observable behavior

D) general traits that are composed of, or give rise to, surface traits

E) biological differences that create variations in personality traits from person to person

70.According to Allport, secondary traits

A)reflect superficial differences between people.

B)compete with primary traits for dominance.

C)are the most pervasive components of personality.

D)are the basic building blocks of personality.

E)have a widespread influence across many situations.