Question : 51.Which of the following perspectives in human development allows researchers : 1245303

51.Which of the following perspectives in human development allows researchers to examine the effects of historical time on how people create their lives?

a.
the life-span perspective
c.
the epigenetic perspective

b.
the life-course perspective
d.
the psychodynamic perspective

52.Which two perspectives share the common feature of drawing attention to the role of aging in the broader context of human development?

a.
the competence-environmental press and selective optimization with

compensation perspectives

b.
the learning and psychodynamic perspectives

c.
the life-span and life-course perspectives

d.
the information-processing and ecological perspectives

53.Which research study would you most expect to see from a researcher with a life-course perspective?

a.
the effect of smoking on neurotransmitter systems and memory

b.
how memory processes change from infancy to old age

c.
growing up in the 1960s, and its influence on drug-taking behavior in middle adulthood

d.
sex differences in marital satisfaction

54.What is the first step in doing research in the field of human development?

a.
deciding how to measure the topic or behavior of interest

b.
creating an operational definition of the research variables being explored

c.
coming up with a way to assess the validity and reliability of the measurement instruments

d.
scouring the existing research literature for holes that can be filled with more new research

55.Monroe wants to conduct a research study assessing the way children play with each other at different ages. After getting the appropriate permissions, he sits on a bench near a school playground and surreptitiously takes notes on the children’s behaviors. Monroe would be best described as engaging in

a.
case studies.
c.
structured observation.

b.
self-report data collection.
d.
naturalistic observation.

56.What is the major distinction between a structured observation and a naturalistic observation?

a.
Structured observation involves the manipulation of an independent variable, while naturalistic observation involves manipulation of a dependent variable.

b.
Naturalistic observation involves creating a setting that is likely to evoke the behavior being studied, while a structured observation involves watching people as they behave in real-life situations.

c.
Naturalistic observation involves the manipulation of an independent variable, while structured observation involves manipulation of a dependent variable.

d.
Structured observation involves creating a setting that is likely to evoke the behavior being studied, while a naturalistic observation involves watching people as they behave in real-life situations.

57.Which of the following methods of collecting research data has the benefit of being easy to administer to large groups of participants?

a.
self-reports
c.
naturalistic observations

b.
structured observations
d.
correlational experiments

58.Your textbook measures several different types of physiological measures that can be used to gather data for research. They include each of the following EXCEPT

a.
measuring brain activity.

b.
measuring heart rate.

c.
assessing body temperature.

d.
assessing the cortisol levels a person shows in response to stress.

59.Which method of measuring behavior is most likely to be used in combination with other behavioral measures?

a.
Physiological measures
c.
Naturalistic observation

b.
Self-reports
d.
Sampling behavior with tasks

60.Sally steps on her bathroom scale, and it tells her that she weighs 145 pounds. When she steps on it again after her shower, she gets the same result. In fact, it has told her that her weight is stable at 145 pounds for several days now. Which of the following qualities is demonstrated by this very consistent scale?

a.
standardization
c.
reliability

b.
validity
d.
normalization