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Question : 11. Pavlov’s dog upset. Pavlov keeps ringing the buzzer but puts : 1201949

Psychology

 

 

11. Pavlov’s dog is upset. Pavlov keeps ringing the buzzer but puts no meat powder in its mouth. The dog no longer salivates to the sound. A few weeks later the lab assistant begins once again to put meat powder in the dog’s mouth and ringing the buzzer. After only two or three pairings, the dog is once again salivating to the buzzer. This is an example of 
A. reconditioning.
B. stimulus generalization.
C. spontaneous recovery.
D. higher order conditioning.

12. Dr. Evil presents the sound of a buzzer to his pet rabbit, and he follows it with the delivery of a small electric shock. After repeated pairings of the buzzer and shock, the rabbit learns to fear the sound of buzzers. Dr. Evil then proceeds to extinguish the rabbit’s fear of buzzers. Now suppose that, after extinction, Dr. Evil decides to present the buzzer and shock to the rabbit once again. After only a few pairings, the rabbit will demonstrate _____ and fear the buzzer again. 
A. stimulus discrimination
B. spontaneous recovery
C. stimulus generalization
D. reconditioning

13. Pavlov trained his dog, Sparky, to salivate when he heard a bell. Before leaving on his Jamaican vacation, Pavlov extinguished the salivation response. When Pavlov returned two weeks later, he accidentally knocked the bell off the table, causing it to ring. He noticed that Sparky was salivating in response to the ringing bell. This example best illustrates 
A. reconditioning.
B. stimulus generalization.
C. spontaneous recovery.
D. higher-order conditioning.

14. On September 1, Central High School’s fire alarm sounded, and students ran in fear from the burning chemistry lab. During the next few weeks, there was a rash of false alarms, and people began to ignore the fire bells. On December 15, the fire alarm sounded, and students once again ran from the building in fear. What phenomenon was responsible for the students’ renewed fear? 
A. Spontaneous recovery
B. Reconditioning
C. Generalization
D. higher order conditioning

15. A child who has a conditioned fear response toward Santa Claus reacts with fear toward any gentleman with a white (or gray) beard. This phenomenon is known as 
A. acquisition.
B. stimulus discrimination.
C. stimulus generalization.
D. reconditioning.

16. Han is fearful of the powerful Jabba. Han becomes fearful when he hears Jabba’s low voice, but also becomes fearful when he hears any low voice. What phenomenon best explains Han’s tendency to become fearful when hearing any low voice? 
A. Extinction
B. Reconditioning
C. Stimulus generalization
D. Stimulus discrimination

17. Ned is very afraid of the bats that fly around his house at night, but he is not at all afraid of the birds that fly around his house during the day. Ned’s fear of bats does not extend to all flying creatures because of 
A. higher order conditioning.
B. stimulus discrimination.
C. secondary reinforcement.
D. stimulus generalization.

18. A dog in a classical conditioning experiment salivates to a buzzer but not to a bell. This is an example of 
A. stimulus generalization.
B. partial reinforcement effect.
C. secondary reinforcement.
D. stimulus discrimination.

19. Classical conditioning works best when the conditioned stimulus _____ the unconditioned stimulus. 
A. precedes
B. occurs at the same time as
C. follows
D. is presented a long time before or after

20. Betsy wants to train her dog to do several tricks. She checks out a book on dog training that includes a chapter on how to use classical conditioning. Betsy learns that a dog is least likely to learn a conditioned response when the 
A. unconditioned stimulus is strong.
B. conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulus.
C. time interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is under one minute.
D. conditioned stimulus predicts many different stimuli.

 

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July 1, 2023
    

 

 

51) In the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to

A) a decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

B) an increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

C) a decrease in the price level and an increase in the unemployment rate.

D) an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

E) no change in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

 

52) If the economy moves upward along its short-run Phillips curve, in the AS-AD diagram, this movement is shown by a

A) movement upward along the AS curve as a result of a rightward shift of the AD curve.

B) rightward shift of potential GDP.

C) movement downward along the AS curve as a result of a leftward shift of the AD curve.

D) rightward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

E) leftward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

 

53) If aggregate demand increases, thereby leading to an increase in real GDP and inflation, there is

A) a movement downward along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement upward along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

E) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

54) The relationship between the AS-AD model and the Phillips curve points out that as aggregate demand increases, the unemployment rate

A) decreases and the inflation rate rises.

B) increases and the inflation rate falls.

C) decreases and the price level falls.

D) increases and the inflation rate rises.

E) decreases and the inflation rate does not change, only the price level rises.

 

55) Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that the short-run Phillips curve exhibits

A) a great deal of shifting.

B) stability with shifts occurring only when external forces are strong.

C) stability with shifts occurring only when there is an internal change of government.

D) shifts that occur every five years or so.

E) positive slopes in both nations.

 

56) Changes in which of the following shift the short-run Phillips curve?

i.changes in the natural unemployment rate

ii.changes in the expected inflation rate

iii.changes in the inflation rate

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and ii

E) i, ii, and iii

57) The short-run Phillips curve shows a relationship between the

A) inflation rate and the interest rate.

B) inflation rate and real GDP.

C) unemployment rate and the interest rate.

D) inflation rate and the unemployment rate.

E) price level and real GDP.

 

58) The short-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical at the natural unemployment rate.

B) upward sloping.

C) downward sloping.

D) horizontal at the expected inflation rate.

E) U-shaped.

 

59) Moving along the short-run Phillips curve, as the unemployment rate increases the inflation rate

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains unchanged.

D) initially decreases and then increases.

E) initially increases and then decreases.

 

60) When a movement up along the aggregate supply curve occurs, there is also

A) a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

E) no movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

61) If real GDP exceeds potential GDP, then employment is ________ full employment and the unemployment rate is ________ the natural unemployment rate.

A) below; above

B) equal to; below

C) above; below

D) above; above

E) equal to; equal to

 

62) According to Okun's Law, if the natural unemployment rate is 5 percent, the actual unemployment rate is 4 percent, and potential GDP is $15 trillion, then actual real GDP is

A) $12.0 trillion.

B) $15.0 trillion.

C) $14.7 trillion.

D) $15.4 trillion.

E) $15.3 trillion.

 

63) When aggregate demand increases, there is a movement ________ along the AS curve and ________.

A) up; a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve

B) up; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

C) up; an upward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

D) down; a downward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

E) down; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

 

51) In the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to

A) a decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

B) an increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

C) a decrease in the price level and an increase in the unemployment rate.

D) an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

E) no change in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

 

52) If the economy moves upward along its short-run Phillips curve, in the AS-AD diagram, this movement is shown by a

A) movement upward along the AS curve as a result of a rightward shift of the AD curve.

B) rightward shift of potential GDP.

C) movement downward along the AS curve as a result of a leftward shift of the AD curve.

D) rightward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

E) leftward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

 

53) If aggregate demand increases, thereby leading to an increase in real GDP and inflation, there is

A) a movement downward along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement upward along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

E) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

54) The relationship between the AS-AD model and the Phillips curve points out that as aggregate demand increases, the unemployment rate

A) decreases and the inflation rate rises.

B) increases and the inflation rate falls.

C) decreases and the price level falls.

D) increases and the inflation rate rises.

E) decreases and the inflation rate does not change, only the price level rises.

 

55) Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that the short-run Phillips curve exhibits

A) a great deal of shifting.

B) stability with shifts occurring only when external forces are strong.

C) stability with shifts occurring only when there is an internal change of government.

D) shifts that occur every five years or so.

E) positive slopes in both nations.

 

56) Changes in which of the following shift the short-run Phillips curve?

i.changes in the natural unemployment rate

ii.changes in the expected inflation rate

iii.changes in the inflation rate

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and ii

E) i, ii, and iii

57) The short-run Phillips curve shows a relationship between the

A) inflation rate and the interest rate.

B) inflation rate and real GDP.

C) unemployment rate and the interest rate.

D) inflation rate and the unemployment rate.

E) price level and real GDP.

 

58) The short-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical at the natural unemployment rate.

B) upward sloping.

C) downward sloping.

D) horizontal at the expected inflation rate.

E) U-shaped.

 

59) Moving along the short-run Phillips curve, as the unemployment rate increases the inflation rate

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains unchanged.

D) initially decreases and then increases.

E) initially increases and then decreases.

 

60) When a movement up along the aggregate supply curve occurs, there is also

A) a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

E) no movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

61) If real GDP exceeds potential GDP, then employment is ________ full employment and the unemployment rate is ________ the natural unemployment rate.

A) below; above

B) equal to; below

C) above; below

D) above; above

E) equal to; equal to

 

62) According to Okun's Law, if the natural unemployment rate is 5 percent, the actual unemployment rate is 4 percent, and potential GDP is $15 trillion, then actual real GDP is

A) $12.0 trillion.

B) $15.0 trillion.

C) $14.7 trillion.

D) $15.4 trillion.

E) $15.3 trillion.

 

63) When aggregate demand increases, there is a movement ________ along the AS curve and ________.

A) up; a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve

B) up; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

C) up; an upward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

D) down; a downward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

E) down; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

 

51) In the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to

A) a decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

B) an increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

C) a decrease in the price level and an increase in the unemployment rate.

D) an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

E) no change in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

 

52) If the economy moves upward along its short-run Phillips curve, in the AS-AD diagram, this movement is shown by a

A) movement upward along the AS curve as a result of a rightward shift of the AD curve.

B) rightward shift of potential GDP.

C) movement downward along the AS curve as a result of a leftward shift of the AD curve.

D) rightward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

E) leftward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

 

53) If aggregate demand increases, thereby leading to an increase in real GDP and inflation, there is

A) a movement downward along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement upward along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

E) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

54) The relationship between the AS-AD model and the Phillips curve points out that as aggregate demand increases, the unemployment rate

A) decreases and the inflation rate rises.

B) increases and the inflation rate falls.

C) decreases and the price level falls.

D) increases and the inflation rate rises.

E) decreases and the inflation rate does not change, only the price level rises.

 

55) Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that the short-run Phillips curve exhibits

A) a great deal of shifting.

B) stability with shifts occurring only when external forces are strong.

C) stability with shifts occurring only when there is an internal change of government.

D) shifts that occur every five years or so.

E) positive slopes in both nations.

 

56) Changes in which of the following shift the short-run Phillips curve?

i.changes in the natural unemployment rate

ii.changes in the expected inflation rate

iii.changes in the inflation rate

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and ii

E) i, ii, and iii

57) The short-run Phillips curve shows a relationship between the

A) inflation rate and the interest rate.

B) inflation rate and real GDP.

C) unemployment rate and the interest rate.

D) inflation rate and the unemployment rate.

E) price level and real GDP.

 

58) The short-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical at the natural unemployment rate.

B) upward sloping.

C) downward sloping.

D) horizontal at the expected inflation rate.

E) U-shaped.

 

59) Moving along the short-run Phillips curve, as the unemployment rate increases the inflation rate

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains unchanged.

D) initially decreases and then increases.

E) initially increases and then decreases.

 

60) When a movement up along the aggregate supply curve occurs, there is also

A) a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

E) no movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

61) If real GDP exceeds potential GDP, then employment is ________ full employment and the unemployment rate is ________ the natural unemployment rate.

A) below; above

B) equal to; below

C) above; below

D) above; above

E) equal to; equal to

 

62) According to Okun's Law, if the natural unemployment rate is 5 percent, the actual unemployment rate is 4 percent, and potential GDP is $15 trillion, then actual real GDP is

A) $12.0 trillion.

B) $15.0 trillion.

C) $14.7 trillion.

D) $15.4 trillion.

E) $15.3 trillion.

 

63) When aggregate demand increases, there is a movement ________ along the AS curve and ________.

A) up; a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve

B) up; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

C) up; an upward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

D) down; a downward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

E) down; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

 

 

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