Question : 11. By the end of the _____ period, the heart begins : 1246307

11. By the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. 
A. germinal
B. fetal
C. conception
D. embryonic

12. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development? 
A. Conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period
B. Conception, embryonic period, zygote, fetal period
C. Conception, fetal period, embryonic period, zygote
D. Conception, fetal period, zygote, embryonic period

13. A(n) _____ is any agent that causes a birth defect. 
A. androgen
B. teratogen
C. proestrogen
D. estrogen

14. Andrea is a preterm infant who was born 37 weeks after conception. Which of the following characteristics will decrease the probability of Andrea experiencing developmental problems? 
A. Andrea is from a very low-income family.
B. Andrea’s parents are chain smokers.
C. Andrea’s mother is an alcoholic.
D. Andrea’s parents massage her at least 3-4 times per day.

15. Research shows that during infancy, motor skills and perceptual skills _____. 
A. are independent of one another
B. are coupled and depend on each other
C. undergo very little change
D. are influenced almost entirely by biological maturation

16. What is the biggest challenge faced by psychologists who study infant perception? 
A. Infants are already studied by pediatricians, so it isn’t considered appropriate for psychologists to also study them.
B. Infant perception is a topic that is of little theoretical interest to psychologists.
C. Because infants can’t speak, psychologists who study infants rely on what infants can do to understand what they know.
D. Infants spend too much time eating and sleeping to be good research subjects.

17. What infant perception research technique involves giving an infant a choice at what to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other? 
A. Habituation
B. Preferential looking
C. Aphasia
D. Object permanence

18. Four-month-old baby Oscar is a participant in a preferential looking experiment. Researchers show Oscar two photos, one of which is of his mother’s face, and the other which is of a female stranger’s face. The photos are presented repeatedly in differing locations, and the amount of time Oscar spends looking at the photos is recorded. What will researchers conclude if Oscar shows a reliable preference for his mother’s face over the stranger’s face? 
A. Oscar can discriminate his mother’s face from a stranger’s face.
B. Oscar is afraid of strangers.
C. Oscar likes strangers as much as his mothers.
D. Oscar can’t see very well.

19. Nathan is a happy and healthy 3-month-old baby. Based on preferential looking and habituation research, what can you predict about Nathan’s perceptual abilities? 
A. Nathan will not be able to distinguish between scrambled faces and real faces.
B. Nathan will prefer a stranger’s face to his mother’s face.
C. Nathan will prefer real faces to scrambled faces and he will also prefer his mother’s face to a stranger’s face.
D. Nathan will prefer real to scrambled faces but will not be able to distinguish his mother’s face from a stranger’s face.

20. Which of the following statements about brain development is false? 
A. At birth, the infant brain has about 100 billion neurons, but only minimal neural connections.
B. During the first two years of life, the dendrites of the neurons branch out and the neurons become far more interconnected.
C. Aside from growing larger, the brain does not undergo any anatomical change after birth.
D. Synaptic connections increase dramatically during childhood. Connections that are made become stronger and will survive. Unused synaptic connections will be pruned (replaced or eliminated).