Question :
31. Carlos believes that all of the people from another part : 1246295
31. Carlos believes that all of the people from another part of his town are snobs. He believes that the students from this area are rich and drive expensive sports cars to school. He is scheduled to perform with a few of these students in an all-county musical presentation. If he assumes that these particular students will also be rich and snobby, he is using _____.
A. inductive reasoning
B. deductive reasoning
C. critical thinking
D. artificial intelligence
32. _____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance.
A. Inductive reasoning
B. Deductive reasoning
C. Algorithms
D. Heuristics
33. _____ uses established rules to draw conclusions, whereas in _____, such rules are not established, and we may not know the consequences of the decisions.
A. Reasoning/decision making
B. Heuristics/algorithms
C. Creativity/reasoning
D. Heuristics/reasoning
34. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as _____.
A. hindsight bias
B. confirmation bias
C. intervention bias
D. selection bias
35. Cathy just got transferred to a new department, but she has long believed that her new supervisor is a cranky, disagreeable, critical person. According to the confirmation bias, what will Cathy most likely do on her first day in the new supervisor’s department?
A. She will forget about the things she has thought about her new supervisor.
B. She will look for positive behaviors on the part of her supervisor.
C. She will tell the new supervisor what she has thought.
D. She will look for negative behaviors on the part of the supervisor.
36. Maria is extremely active in politics. She has strong conservative beliefs about what is correct and what is not. Each day when she reads the newspaper, she pays close attention to the editorial section in particular. According to the confirmation bias, what will she do when she reads them?
A. She will read both the editorials that she agrees with and those that she doesn’t to get a balanced view of issues.
B. She will read the editorials that she agrees with, but not the ones that she disagrees with.
C. She will read the editorials that she disagrees with to get an idea of what the other perspectives on issues may be.
D. She will not read any of the editorials.
37. _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. It is sometimes referred to as the “I knew it all along effect.”
A. Hindsight bias
B. Confirmation bias
C. Selection bias
D. Intervention bias
38. Every week during football season, Fred and his friends have fun following the local high school teams. Before the games, Fred never really talks too much about how the games will turn out. On Monday, however, it is a different scenario altogether. Fred is more than happy to share with his friends that the games came out exactly as he thought they would and why. Fred seems to be demonstrating _____.
A. overconfidence bias
B. hindsight bias
C. selection bias
D. deductive reasoning
39. If you spend the day imagining the outcome of the upcoming football game, and then a friend asks you what your favorite sport is and you say “football” even though before today basketball was actually your favorite, you have used and/or experienced _____.
A. confirmation bias
B. the availability heuristic
C. hindsight bias
D. timing bias
40. The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on the news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in a plane than a car. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. attention bias
B. simulation heuristic
C. availability heuristic
D. representativeness heuristic
