Question :
81. Kris severely depressed. She believes that she has no control : 1201807
81. Kris is severely depressed. She believes that she has no control over her grades and that, no matter how hard she studies, she will fail. Kris most likely has a
A. high degree of self-efficacy.
B. low degree of self-efficacy.
C. deficiency orientation.
D. growth orientation.
82. According to Mischel’s cognitive/affective theory, an individual’s encodings, expectancies, affects, and goals and values are all considered
A. personality traits.
B. self-actualizing tendencies.
C. mutually-influencing factors of reciprocal determinism.
D. cognitive person variables.
83. Mischel’s cognitive person variables suggest that all of the following will affect whether or not a person will make it through college except
A. a belief that she has the necessary academic skills.
B. genetically inherited personality traits.
C. a plan for doing well in class.
D. the expectation that studying hard will lead to good grades.
84. Josh loves to sing country songs in the shower, his car, and the psychology building. However, when Josh attends a funeral, he is quiet and somber just like everyone else. According to Mischel’s cognitive/affective theory of personality, Josh behaves differently in different places due to
A. a deficiency orientation.
B. his external locus of control.
C. cognitive person variables.
D. repression and sublimation.
85. During a train ride, a mysterious personality theorist approaches you and says, “According to my theory, people choose to be in situations that are in line with their personal dispositions.” As an astute detective, you quickly realize that this statement is part of
A. Mischel’s cognitive/affective theory.
B. Rogers’ self theory.
C. Bandura’s reciprocal determinism.
D. Allport’s trait theory.
86. Which of the following is not a criticism of the social-cognitive approach to psychology?
A. The theories leave no role for unconscious thoughts and feelings in determining behavior.
B. Theorists have been unable to identify what it is about specific situations that bring out certain behaviors.
C. The approach cannot really capture the complexities and uniqueness that is inherent in human personality.
D. The theories underestimate the role of learning in personality development.
87. If someone criticizes a particular approach to personality by saying that it reduces humans to a byproduct of systematic laws and environmental forces, you would know that she was probably talking about the _____ approach.
A. social-cognitive
B. humanist
C. psychodynamic
D. trait
88. Which of the following is not an assumption of the humanistic approach to psychology?
A. People learn actualizing tendencies when they are exposed to conditions of worth.
B. Human behavior is motivated by an innate drive toward growth.
C. People are naturally inclined toward goodness, creativity, love, and joy.
D. Everybody perceives and interprets the world in a unique manner.
89. Dr. Bialeschki believes that each person has an innate tendency toward growth and self-fulfillment. He believes that dysfunctions in personality result from distorted perceptions of reality. Dr. Bialeschki takes a _____ approach to personality.
A. social-cognitive
B. humanistic
C. psychodynamic
D. trait
90. Uncle Barry made a visit to the Keatons. Alex thought Uncle Barry was a bleeding-heart liberal moron. Mallory thought he was cute and wore sweaters well. A humanistic theorist would account for this discrepancy by examining
A. the instincts of Alex (male disposition) and Mallory (female disposition).
B. the personality traits of both Mallory and Alex.
C. the rewards that Alex and Mallory received in their interactions with Uncle Barry.
D. Alex’s and Mallory’s individual perceptions of their uncle.
