Question : 21. Walter’s parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own : 1252552

21. Walter’s parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions, so they set very few rules regarding homework, bedtime, and household chores. Since they believe that freedom and responsibility are important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter’s behavior, whether childish or mature. The parenting style adopted by Walter’s parents is called: 
A. authoritarian.
B. permissive.
C. authoritative.
D. uninvolved.

22. Which of the following constructs primarily reflects that “nature” is more influential than “nurture”? 
A. Attachment style
B. Temperament
C. Choice of mother tongue
D. Choice of friends

23. Bonnie is three months old. Her parents are inconsistent in attending to her needs. Sometimes they are very attentive, feeding her promptly when she cries and comforting her when she seems upset. At other times, Bonnie cries for a long time before her parents attend to her. Based on Erikson’s theory, it is likely that Bonnie will develop: 
A. a general sense of mistrust.
B. a sense of superiority.
C. an inflated id.
D. memory impairment.

24. According to Erikson, the first stage of a child’s psychosocial development is the _____ stage. 
A. trust-versus-mistrust
B. id-versus-ego
C. autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
D. intimacy-versus-isolation

25. Elizabeth is five years old, and she likes to help her mother in preparing supper. However, at the end of the day, her mother often loses her temper easily, and ends up scolding Elizabeth. She tells Elizabeth to stay out of the kitchen as rather than helping her, she makes more of a mess. Based on Erikson’s theory, Elizabeth is most likely to develop: 
A. a strong sense of independence.
B. feelings of guilt.
C. feelings of superiority.
D. a sense of jealousy.

26. Derwood is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far have not received good grades, and in several instances his friends have made fun of his work. Based on Erikson’s theory, Derwood is most likely to develop: 
A. feelings of inferiority.
B. a sense of pride.
C. a sense of stagnation.
D. a sense of independence.

27. Which of the following accurately reflects a positive aspect of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development? 
A. Erikson focused equally on the development of both males and females.
B. The well-established accuracy of the concepts used by Erikson is a strong point of his theory.
C. Erikson’s theory provided confirmed that nature has a greater influence than nurture on the development of an individual.
D. Erikson’s theory encompassed the entire life span of an individual.

28. Which of the following Swiss scholars had suggested in the 1970s that children around the world proceed through a series of four stages in a fixed order? 
A. Piaget
B. Freud
C. Bandura
D. Pavlov

29. Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, from birth through adolescence? 
A. sensorimotor à concrete operational à preoperational à formal operational
B. preoperational à concrete operational à preoperational à formal operational
C. sensorimotor à preoperational à concrete operational à formal operational
D. nonoperational à preoperational à operational à postoperational

30. Which age range below is INCORRECTLY labeled with its Piagetian stage? 
A. 0-2 years; sensorimotor stage
B. 2-7 years; preoperational stage
C. 7-12 years; concrete operational stage
D. 12 years—adulthood; postoperational stage