61. Karen Horney’s feminine psychology emphasized the importance of our basic anxiety, which is _____.
A) a repository of accumulated ideas and images that is shared among all humans
B) the part of the personality that is aware of itself and organizes goal-seeking behavior
C) our feelings of “being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world”
D) a deep form of resentment toward their parents that is ultimately repressed
E) the banishment to the unconscious of unacceptable wishes, fantasies, urges, and impulses
62.Psychodynamic theory has been criticized on all but which of the following grounds?
A)It places too much emphasis on sexual and aggressive drives.
B)There is a general lack of evidence supporting many of the principles on which the theory is based.
C)The theory was based on evidence gathered from a small number of cases studies.
D)It is difficult to test using the scientific method.
E)It places too much emphasis on social influences.
63.Stable and enduring personal characteristics are called
A)habits.
B)tendencies.
C)traits.
D)types.
E)genes.
64.Regarding the trait perspective of personality development, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Trait theorists use personality traits to predict how people are likely to behave in different situations.
B)Trait theorists are interested in learning how people differ in terms of their underlying traits.
C)Trait theorists are interested in developing ways to measure traits.
D)Trait theorists are interested in how traits are organized and structured within the personality.
E)Trait theorists believe that traits cannot be measured because they are internal structures of the mind.
65.Mahatma Gandhi’s lifelong commitment to non-violent solutions to social problems would likely be considered an example of a(n) ______ trait.
A)ordinal
B)central
C)secondary
D)cardinal
E)primary
66.In Allport’s view, cardinal traits are
A)the most pervasive characteristics of one’s personality.
B)basic building blocks of personality.
C)specific preferences.
D)fluctuating patterns of behavior.
E)superficial traits inferred from observation.
67.Allport proposed ______ types of traits in the personality, and they are called _____.
A)2; internal and external locus of control
B)5; neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
C)3; introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism
D)2; surface and source traits
E)3; cardinal, central, and secondary traits
68.Which of the following people is describing a secondary trait in Allport’s model?
A)Antwone, who says, “I am a spiritual person, and the only thing important to me is becoming a priest.”
B)Bettina, who says, “I like rap music, and I don’t like country music.”
C)Cuaron, who says, “My friends say that my basic quality is that I am generous.”
D)Deva, who says, “I’m a creative person.”
E)Evita, who says, “I like playing soccer because I’m a very competitive person in everything I do.”
69. Gordon Allport thought that cardinal traits are _____.
A) pervasive characteristics that influence a person’s behavior in most situations
B) characteristics that influence behavior in some situations, but not others
C) characteristics that can be inferred from observable behavior
D) general traits that are composed of, or give rise to, surface traits
E) biological differences that create variations in personality traits from person to person
70.According to Allport, secondary traits
A)reflect superficial differences between people.
B)compete with primary traits for dominance.
C)are the most pervasive components of personality.
D)are the basic building blocks of personality.
E)have a widespread influence across many situations.
