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Question : 1.2   The Economic Way of Thinking 1) Rational choice A) a : 1227780

Economics

 

1.2   The Economic Way of Thinking

 

1) Rational choice

A) is a choice that uses the available resources to best achieve the objective of the person making the choice.

B) is always efficient.

C) is what you must give up to get what you want.

D) is made by comparing different incentives.

E) provides the answer to only the “how” question.

2) A rational choice is one that

A) always turns out for the best for the decision maker.

B) creates no costs for the decision maker.

C) must be made with perfect information.

D) uses the available resources to most effectively satisfy the wants of the person making the choice.

E) is made in the social interest rather than the self-interest.

 

3) What is NOT true about rational choice?

A) It can result in different decisions for different individuals.

B) It involves comparing costs and benefits.

C) It might turn out not to have been the best choice after the event.

D) It is a choice that uses the available resources to best achieve the objective of the person making the choice.

E) It is the same for all individuals.

 

4) In economics, cost is measured as ________, and benefit is measured as ________.

A) what you must give up to get something; what you are willing to give up to get it

B) what you are willing to give up to get it; what you must give up to get something

C) the amount of money that you pay for something; the amount of money that someone else is willing to pay you

D) what you are willing to pay on the margin; what the government pays you when you are unemployed or retired

E) the amount of money that you pay on the margin; the amount of money that you receive on the margin

5) An opportunity cost is

A) the dollar amount that is paid.

B) anything the decision maker believes costs to be.

C) the benefits of the highest-valued alternative forgone.

D) whatever is paid out and cannot be reduced or reversed.

E) another term for all the sunk costs.

 

6) Economists measure opportunity cost

A) only when it is on the margin.

B) as the best thing given up.

C) as the sum of all forgone opportunities.

D) as the same as marginal benefit.

E) as equal to the sum of all the sunk costs.

 

7) The opportunity cost of a decision is measured in terms of

A) time.

B) the price of the alternative we choose.

C) the next best thing given up.

D) the price of a new opportunity that arises.

E) sunk cost.

8) You have chosen to take a trip during spring break. If you had not gone, you would either have worked at a temporary job or studied for exams. The opportunity cost of your trip is

A) the wages you would have earned from working.

B) the lower grade earned by not studying.

C) the wages you would have earned from working and the lower grade earned by not studying.

D) the value of the trip.

E) We cannot determine what the opportunity cost is without knowing which alternative, working or studying, you would have preferred.

 

9) If Jessie studies economics for two hours instead of going to the movies with her friends, then

A) the benefit of studying is the missed movie.

B) the opportunity cost of studying is the missed movie.

C) Jesse definitely is making a rational choice.

D) Jessie is ignoring a sunk cost.

E) Jessie is not responding to any incentives.

 

10) The value of the best thing that a person must give up when making a decision is known as the ________ cost.

A) direct

B) benefit’s

C) opportunity

D) explicit

E) sunk

 

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51) In the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to

A) a decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

B) an increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

C) a decrease in the price level and an increase in the unemployment rate.

D) an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

E) no change in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

 

52) If the economy moves upward along its short-run Phillips curve, in the AS-AD diagram, this movement is shown by a

A) movement upward along the AS curve as a result of a rightward shift of the AD curve.

B) rightward shift of potential GDP.

C) movement downward along the AS curve as a result of a leftward shift of the AD curve.

D) rightward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

E) leftward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

 

53) If aggregate demand increases, thereby leading to an increase in real GDP and inflation, there is

A) a movement downward along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement upward along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

E) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

54) The relationship between the AS-AD model and the Phillips curve points out that as aggregate demand increases, the unemployment rate

A) decreases and the inflation rate rises.

B) increases and the inflation rate falls.

C) decreases and the price level falls.

D) increases and the inflation rate rises.

E) decreases and the inflation rate does not change, only the price level rises.

 

55) Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that the short-run Phillips curve exhibits

A) a great deal of shifting.

B) stability with shifts occurring only when external forces are strong.

C) stability with shifts occurring only when there is an internal change of government.

D) shifts that occur every five years or so.

E) positive slopes in both nations.

 

56) Changes in which of the following shift the short-run Phillips curve?

i.changes in the natural unemployment rate

ii.changes in the expected inflation rate

iii.changes in the inflation rate

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and ii

E) i, ii, and iii

57) The short-run Phillips curve shows a relationship between the

A) inflation rate and the interest rate.

B) inflation rate and real GDP.

C) unemployment rate and the interest rate.

D) inflation rate and the unemployment rate.

E) price level and real GDP.

 

58) The short-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical at the natural unemployment rate.

B) upward sloping.

C) downward sloping.

D) horizontal at the expected inflation rate.

E) U-shaped.

 

59) Moving along the short-run Phillips curve, as the unemployment rate increases the inflation rate

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains unchanged.

D) initially decreases and then increases.

E) initially increases and then decreases.

 

60) When a movement up along the aggregate supply curve occurs, there is also

A) a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

E) no movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

61) If real GDP exceeds potential GDP, then employment is ________ full employment and the unemployment rate is ________ the natural unemployment rate.

A) below; above

B) equal to; below

C) above; below

D) above; above

E) equal to; equal to

 

62) According to Okun's Law, if the natural unemployment rate is 5 percent, the actual unemployment rate is 4 percent, and potential GDP is $15 trillion, then actual real GDP is

A) $12.0 trillion.

B) $15.0 trillion.

C) $14.7 trillion.

D) $15.4 trillion.

E) $15.3 trillion.

 

63) When aggregate demand increases, there is a movement ________ along the AS curve and ________.

A) up; a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve

B) up; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

C) up; an upward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

D) down; a downward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

E) down; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

 

 

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July 1, 2023
    

 

 

51) In the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to

A) a decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

B) an increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

C) a decrease in the price level and an increase in the unemployment rate.

D) an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

E) no change in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

 

52) If the economy moves upward along its short-run Phillips curve, in the AS-AD diagram, this movement is shown by a

A) movement upward along the AS curve as a result of a rightward shift of the AD curve.

B) rightward shift of potential GDP.

C) movement downward along the AS curve as a result of a leftward shift of the AD curve.

D) rightward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

E) leftward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

 

53) If aggregate demand increases, thereby leading to an increase in real GDP and inflation, there is

A) a movement downward along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement upward along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

E) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

54) The relationship between the AS-AD model and the Phillips curve points out that as aggregate demand increases, the unemployment rate

A) decreases and the inflation rate rises.

B) increases and the inflation rate falls.

C) decreases and the price level falls.

D) increases and the inflation rate rises.

E) decreases and the inflation rate does not change, only the price level rises.

 

55) Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that the short-run Phillips curve exhibits

A) a great deal of shifting.

B) stability with shifts occurring only when external forces are strong.

C) stability with shifts occurring only when there is an internal change of government.

D) shifts that occur every five years or so.

E) positive slopes in both nations.

 

56) Changes in which of the following shift the short-run Phillips curve?

i.changes in the natural unemployment rate

ii.changes in the expected inflation rate

iii.changes in the inflation rate

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and ii

E) i, ii, and iii

57) The short-run Phillips curve shows a relationship between the

A) inflation rate and the interest rate.

B) inflation rate and real GDP.

C) unemployment rate and the interest rate.

D) inflation rate and the unemployment rate.

E) price level and real GDP.

 

58) The short-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical at the natural unemployment rate.

B) upward sloping.

C) downward sloping.

D) horizontal at the expected inflation rate.

E) U-shaped.

 

59) Moving along the short-run Phillips curve, as the unemployment rate increases the inflation rate

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains unchanged.

D) initially decreases and then increases.

E) initially increases and then decreases.

 

60) When a movement up along the aggregate supply curve occurs, there is also

A) a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

E) no movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

61) If real GDP exceeds potential GDP, then employment is ________ full employment and the unemployment rate is ________ the natural unemployment rate.

A) below; above

B) equal to; below

C) above; below

D) above; above

E) equal to; equal to

 

62) According to Okun's Law, if the natural unemployment rate is 5 percent, the actual unemployment rate is 4 percent, and potential GDP is $15 trillion, then actual real GDP is

A) $12.0 trillion.

B) $15.0 trillion.

C) $14.7 trillion.

D) $15.4 trillion.

E) $15.3 trillion.

 

63) When aggregate demand increases, there is a movement ________ along the AS curve and ________.

A) up; a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve

B) up; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

C) up; an upward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

D) down; a downward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

E) down; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

 

51) In the short run, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to

A) a decrease in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

B) an increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

C) a decrease in the price level and an increase in the unemployment rate.

D) an increase in the price level and an increase in real GDP.

E) no change in the price level and a decrease in real GDP.

 

52) If the economy moves upward along its short-run Phillips curve, in the AS-AD diagram, this movement is shown by a

A) movement upward along the AS curve as a result of a rightward shift of the AD curve.

B) rightward shift of potential GDP.

C) movement downward along the AS curve as a result of a leftward shift of the AD curve.

D) rightward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

E) leftward shift of the AS curve and a movement along the AD curve.

 

53) If aggregate demand increases, thereby leading to an increase in real GDP and inflation, there is

A) a movement downward along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement upward along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

E) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

54) The relationship between the AS-AD model and the Phillips curve points out that as aggregate demand increases, the unemployment rate

A) decreases and the inflation rate rises.

B) increases and the inflation rate falls.

C) decreases and the price level falls.

D) increases and the inflation rate rises.

E) decreases and the inflation rate does not change, only the price level rises.

 

55) Data from the United States and the United Kingdom show that the short-run Phillips curve exhibits

A) a great deal of shifting.

B) stability with shifts occurring only when external forces are strong.

C) stability with shifts occurring only when there is an internal change of government.

D) shifts that occur every five years or so.

E) positive slopes in both nations.

 

56) Changes in which of the following shift the short-run Phillips curve?

i.changes in the natural unemployment rate

ii.changes in the expected inflation rate

iii.changes in the inflation rate

A) i only

B) ii only

C) iii only

D) i and ii

E) i, ii, and iii

57) The short-run Phillips curve shows a relationship between the

A) inflation rate and the interest rate.

B) inflation rate and real GDP.

C) unemployment rate and the interest rate.

D) inflation rate and the unemployment rate.

E) price level and real GDP.

 

58) The short-run Phillips curve is

A) vertical at the natural unemployment rate.

B) upward sloping.

C) downward sloping.

D) horizontal at the expected inflation rate.

E) U-shaped.

 

59) Moving along the short-run Phillips curve, as the unemployment rate increases the inflation rate

A) decreases.

B) increases.

C) remains unchanged.

D) initially decreases and then increases.

E) initially increases and then decreases.

 

60) When a movement up along the aggregate supply curve occurs, there is also

A) a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve.

B) a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve.

C) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.

E) no movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve.

61) If real GDP exceeds potential GDP, then employment is ________ full employment and the unemployment rate is ________ the natural unemployment rate.

A) below; above

B) equal to; below

C) above; below

D) above; above

E) equal to; equal to

 

62) According to Okun's Law, if the natural unemployment rate is 5 percent, the actual unemployment rate is 4 percent, and potential GDP is $15 trillion, then actual real GDP is

A) $12.0 trillion.

B) $15.0 trillion.

C) $14.7 trillion.

D) $15.4 trillion.

E) $15.3 trillion.

 

63) When aggregate demand increases, there is a movement ________ along the AS curve and ________.

A) up; a movement up along the short-run Phillips curve

B) up; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

C) up; an upward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

D) down; a downward shift of the short-run Phillips curve

E) down; a movement down along the short-run Phillips curve

 

 

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