Question : 41. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the highest stage of moral : 1254790

41. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the highest stage of moral development is called:

a. mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity.

b. social systems morality.

c. social contract or utility and individual rights.

d. universal ethical principles.

42. When faced with a conflict between law and conscience, a person who is at the _____ stage in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development will follow conscience, even though the decision might involve personal risk.

a. universal ethical principles

b. social systems morality

c. individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

d. punishment and obedience orientation

43. Kohlberg emphasized perspective taking and _____ as critical aspects of the social stimulation that challenges children to change their moral reasoning.

a. sibling interaction

b. peer interaction

c. parental influence

d. teacher influence

44. Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

a. Kohlberg’s theory is based on the prevention of suffering of others.

b. Compassion is given too much importance in Kohlberg’s theory.

c. There is too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral behavior.

d. There is no emphasis on the need for justice in matters of morality.

45. More than 80 percent of the respondents to a survey said that buying a stolen television set is morally wrong. Yet 50 percent admitted they would buy a stolen set if guaranteed they would not be caught. These data indicate:

a. preconventional moral reasoning.

b. that social prohibitions are more potent than moral ones.

c. that purchasing stolen property is an accepted social convention.

d. that for many people, moral belief does not predict moral behavior.

46. Carol Gilligan has criticized Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development because:

a. it is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships.

b. it does not recognize higher-level moral reasoning in certain cultural groups.

c. Kohlberg underestimated the contribution of family relationships to moral development.

c. it places too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral behavior.

47. According to Carol Gilligan, Kohlberg’s theory puts _____ at the heart of morality.

a. egocentrism

b. care

c. benevolence

d. justice

48. In contrast with Kohlberg’s theory, Gilligan argues for a(n) _____ perspective, which is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.

a. justice

b. care

c. nonegocentric

d. egocentric

49. Nasrin believes that in regards to morality, the focus should be on abstract principals rather than relationships and others. Therefore, she has a _____ orientation.

a. prosocial

b. care

c. justice

d. unconventional

50. Fernando doesn’t cut in line, raises his hand in class before talking, and stops his car at stop signs on the road. He focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system. Which of the following best describes Fernando’s reasoning?

a. Prosocial reasoning

b. Social order reasoning

c. Social consensus reasoning

d. Social conventional reasoning