11.Adirectorpositiverelationshipexistsbetweenacountry’s
a.productivityanditsstandardofliving.
b.amountofgovernmentspendinganditsproductivity.
c.totalpopulationanditsaveragecitizen’sincome.
d.rateofpopulationgrowthandtheextentofitstradewithothercountries.
12.Theprimarydeterminantofacountry’sstandardoflivingis
a.thecountry’sabilitytoprevailoverforeigncompetition.
b.thecountry’sabilitytoproducegoodsandservices.
c.thetotalsupplyofmoneyintheeconomy.
d.theaverageageofthecountry’slaborforce.
13.ThehistoricalriseinlivingstandardsofAmericanworkersisprimarilyaresultof
a.theinfluenceoflaborunionsinAmerica.
b.tariffprotectionimposedbytheAmericangovernment.
c.theenactmentofminimum-wagelawsinAmerica.
d.theriseinAmericanproductivity.
14.Thefactthatdifferentcountriesexperiencedifferentstandardsoflivingislargelyexplainedbydifferencesinthosecountries’
a.populations.
b.productivitylevels.
c.locations.
d.Noneoftheaboveiscorrect.Economistsarepuzzledbydifferencesinstandardsoflivingaroundtheworld.
15.SupposetheaverageincomeofacitizenofPolandishigherthantheaverageincomeofacitizenofRomania.Youmightconcludethat
a.PolishfirmsarefacedwithstrictergovernmentregulationsthanRomanianfirms.
b.totalincomeisdividedamongfewerworkersinPolandsinceithasasmallerlaborforcethanRomania.
c.Romania’sclimateallowsforlongergrowingseasonsandthereforeRomaniacanproducelargequantitiesofgrainandothercrops.
d.productivityinPolandishigherthaninRomania.
16.TheslowgrowthofU.S.incomesduringthe1970sand1980scanbestbeexplainedby
a.unstableeconomicconditionsinEasternEurope.
b.increasedcompetitionfromabroad.
c.adeclineintherateofincreaseinU.S.productivity.
d.astrongU.S.dollarabroad,hurtingU.S.exports.
17.SlowgrowthinUSincomesduringthe1970sand1980swasprimarilydueto
a.slowproductivitygrowthintheUS.
b.increasedcompetitionfromJapan.
c.increasedcompetitionfromEuropeancountries.
d.arapiddecreaseinthequantityofmoneyintheeconomy.
18.SupposeatypicalworkerinIndiacanproduce32unitsofproductinaneight-hourday,whileatypicalworkerinBangladeshcanproduce30unitsofproductina10-hourday.Wecanconcludethat
a.workerproductivityinBangladeshishigherthaninIndia.
b.thestandardoflivingwilllikelybehigherinIndiathaninBangladesh.
c.productivityis4unitsperhourfortheworkerinBangladeshand3unitsperhourfortheworkerinIndia.
d.therewillbenodifferencebetweenthestandardoflivinginIndiaandBangladesh.
19.Suppose that in Brazil total annualoutput is worth $600 millionand people work 30 million hours.InPerutotalannualoutput is worth$800 millionand people work50 millionhours.Productivityishigher
a.inBrazil.Mostvariationinthestandardoflivingacrosscountriesisduetodifferencesinproductivity.
b.inBrazil.Differencesinproductivityexplainverylittleofthevariationinthestandardoflivingacrosscountries.
c.inPeru.Mostvariationinthestandardoflivingacrosscountriesisduetodifferencesinproductivity.
d.inPeru.Differencesinproductivityexplainverylittleofthevariationinthestandardoflivingacrosscountries.
20.UScitizenshavebetternutrition,betterhealthcare,andalongerlifeexpectancythancitizensofGhana.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromthisstatement?
a.AverageincomeintheUSishigherthantheaverageincomeinGhana.
b.TheUShasahigherstandardoflivingthanGhana.
c.ProductivityintheUSishigherthanproductivityinGhana.
d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.
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