Question : 21. How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches? A. Arousal : 1252946

21. How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches? 
A. Arousal approaches suggest that we are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease our level of stimulation.
B. Arousal approaches suggest that we are sometimes motivated to decrease rather than increase our level of stimulation.
C. Arousal approaches emphasize the desirable qualities of internal stimuli to a greater extent than do drive-reduction approaches.
D. Arousal theories place greater emphasis on physiological needs than do drive theories.

22. “Human behavior is varied and often seems unpredictable; also, people sometimes seek out extremely stimulating situations and activities.” This statement is most likely that of a proponent of _____ theories of motivation. 
A. instinct
B. incentive
C. arousal
D. cognitive

23. Of the following individuals, whose behavior may most easily be explained using an arousal approach to motivation? 
A. Artie, who loves to bungee jump
B. Barry, who buys an expensive watch he can’t resist
C. Callista, who studies long hours to earn good grades
D. Brooke, who sleeps extra after having a tiring week at work

24. Incentive approaches to motivation are: 
A. theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.
B. beliefs that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity.
C. theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals.
D. theories suggesting that motivation is a product of people’s thoughts, expectations, and goal.

25. Motivation theorists refer to rewards we seek to obtain as: 
A. stimulants.
B. incentives.
C. drives.
D. reinforcers.

26. _____ approaches to motivation emphasize the appealing properties of external objects or goals. 
A. Drive-reduction
B. Arousal
C. Incentive
D. Cognitive

27. Which approach to motivation is INCORRECTLY paired with its description? 
A. Drive-reduction—Motivation reflects the lack of basic biological necessity.
B. Arousal—Motivation reflects the attempt to maintain a certain level of stimulation.
C. Incentive—Motivation reflects the desire to obtain valued external goals.
D. Cognitive—Motivation reflects the role of instincts.

28. Cognitive approaches to motivation are: 
A. theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.
B. beliefs that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity.
C. theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals.
D. theories suggesting that motivation is a product of people’s thoughts, expectations, and goal.

29. Which of the following refers to the cause that pushes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any concrete, tangible reward that it will bring us? 
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. External factors
D. Observable factors

30. Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation? 
A. An athlete practices for long hours because she loves to run.
B. A doctor sees more patients to make more money.
C. A social worker spends more time with the elderly because she likes to be with them.
D. A student reads many books on religion because she is very interested in religious studies.