91.
Most adolescents function at which of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
A.
Preconventional morality
B.
Morality of conventional role conformity
C.
Morality of autonomous moral principles
D.
Authoritative morality
92.
Ron has internalized the moral standards of his parents and grandparents. He is concerned with being considered a good son and maintaining the social order. According to Kohlberg, Ron is in the stage of the
A.
morality of conventional role conformity.
B.
morality of autonomous moral principles.
C.
preconventional morality.
D.
authoritarian morality.
93.
Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg’s description of moral development because
A.
he focuses on Western European moral values.
B.
he proposes too many stages of development.
C.
he focuses on cognitive development rather than on emotional development.
D.
he focuses on values more important to males than females.
94.
According to Gilligan, the moral reasoning of males focuses on _______________, whereas the moral reasoning of females is concerned with ______.
A.
responsibility; justice
B.
justice; showing of care
C.
avoiding harm; avoiding blame
D.
punishments; rewards
95.
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.
Peers affect moral reasoning of adolescents by talking about moral conflicts.
B.
Parents contribute to adolescent moral development.
C.
Kohlberg’s system represents moral reasoning in non-Western cultures.
D.
Kohlberg’s theory is oriented towards values important to men rather than to women.
96.
Which of the following is a central organizing experience in most adolescents’ lives?
A.
Home
B.
School
C.
Church
D.
Family
97.
Which of the following statements about gender as a factor in occupational choice is true?
A.
Gender-typing in occupational choice has diminished to such an extent that gender is no longer a significant influence.
B.
Although gender-typing in occupational choice has declined considerably, some counselors still steer boys and girls to gender-typed careers.
C.
Recent studies have found increasingly significant gender differences in mathematical and verbal abilities.
D.
Fewer boys than girls take physics and computer science.
98.
Jaron just scored poorly on his SAT. If Jaron has high self-efficacy, he will likely
A.
decide to bypass college and enter the workforce.
B.
decide to study harder and retake the SAT.
C.
decide that testing in the school gym had a negative impact on his performance.
D.
decide that he at least performed better than most students.
99.
According to research described in the text, parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be
A.
authoritarian.
B.
authoritative.
C.
permissive.
D.
inconsistent.
100.
Asian American students, on average, get higher grades and score higher on achievement tests than white students, because
A.
they are innately smarter than white students.
B.
they have no moral standard against cheating.
C.
they are obsessed with achievement.
D.
their parents and peers value achievement.
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