Question : 81. Larry, a 10-year-old, first sees two identical glasses with : 1182176

81. Larry, a 10-year-old, first sees two identical glasses with water at the same level; then, the water from one of the short, wide glasses is poured into a taller, thinner glass. Larry will likely conclude that ________.

a) there is more water in the taller, thinner glass

b) there is more water in the shorter, wider glass

c) there are equal amounts of water in the shorter, wider and taller, thinner glasses

d) there are equal amounts of water in the two identical glasses only

82. Which of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is characterized by abstract thinking and an enhanced use of logic?

a) sensorimotor

b) preoperational

c) formal operational

d) concrete operational

83. A characteristic that first shows up in the formal operational stage is ______.

a) irreversibility

b) egocentrism

c) abstract thinking

d) logical thinking

84. Rosa, who is 13, wants to spend her babysitting money on something special, but she also wants to save some of the money to buy her brother a birthday gift. She is trying to decide the best way to spend her money. Which stage of cognitive development is Rosa in?

a) sensorimotor

b) formal operations

c) biophysical

d) reversibility

85. Evidence that Piaget’s theory seems to have ________ the sophistication of young children’s conceptions of the world is their ________.

a) overestimated; lack of understanding of certain physical laws

b) overestimated; lack of understanding of certain social norms

c) underestimated; understanding of certain physical laws

d) underestimated; understanding of certain social norms

86. According to the most recent evidence, what can be said of Piaget’s findings?

a) The capacities of infants usually are not as high as claimed by Piaget.

b) Object permanence has been shown as early as 1 month of age, thus refuting Piaget’s claim that it is not established until toddlerhood.

c) Piaget’s theory seems to underestimate the sophistication of young children’s conceptions of the world.

d) Piaget’s concept that the qualitative changes in cognitive processing are more important than the quantitative changes has been effectively refuted.

87. A lasting (positive) legacy of Piaget’s model of cognitive development was his ________.

a) ability to understand that children can be quite sophisticated in how they adopt certain skills

b) use of methods for behaviors that could not be easily observed

c) accuracy of when children adopt given cognitive skills

d) observation that there are qualitative shifts in children’s performance as they age

88. Which theory of cognitive development is based on the idea that perception and cognition rely on a host of distinct processes in the brain?

a) the Piaget model

b) the Vygotsky model

c) the information processing model

d) the dual encoding model

89. In contrast to Piaget, Vygotsky emphasized the role of ________ during development.

a) learned responses

b) social interactions

c) individual differences

d) the child’s representations of the world

90. The idea that social interactions are a key factor in children’s cognitive development was an essential part of the theory of _________.

a) Lev Vygotsky

b) Urie Bronfenbrenner

c) Jean Piaget

d) Erik Erikson