Question : 111) The countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol (which aimed : 1384328

111) The countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol (which aimed to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by an aggregate 5% below 1990 levels by 2012) represented approximately what fraction of global greenhouse gas emissions?

A) approximately 10%

B) approximately 33%

C) approximately 75%

D) approximately 80%

E) approximately 98%

112) Which of the following groupings of major countries did not sign the Kyoto Protocol of 1997?

A) Canada, China, India

B) Russia, United Kingdom, Australia

C) Germany, Canada, Indonesia

D) Canada, United States, France

E) United States, Australia, China

113) Between 1990 and 2009, Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions ________ by ________%.

A) decreased; 6

B) decreased; 1

C) increased; 6

D) increased; close to 20

E) increased; almost 30

114) Consider the following equation:

A) the units of greenhouse gases emitted per unit of energy consumed.

B) greenhouse gas emissions expressed as a percentage of carbon-based energy consumed.

C) the total units of greenhouse gases emitted annually.

D) the units of energy consumed per unit of greenhouse gases emitted.

E) the energy efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions.

115) Consider the following equation:

A) the energy efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions.

B) the number of units of carbon-based energy produced as a fraction of GDP.

C) the amount of energy per unit of GDP required to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions.

D) the number of units of energy used per dollar of GDP produced.

E) the amount of energy used per unit of output in the energy-intensive sector of the economy.

116) Consider the following equation:

A) increased by 5%.

B) decreased by 5%.

C) was unchanged.

D) increased by 10%.

E) decreased by 10%.

117) Consider the following equation:

A) remains unchanged.

B) decreased by 4%.

C) increased by 4%.

D) decreased by 8%.

E) decreased by 6%.

118) A policy that puts a price on greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions will help to reduce emissions because

A) it will shift firms’ marginal cost of abatement curves upward.

B) it will shift firms’ marginal cost of abatement curves downward.

C) world energy intensity will increase.

D) it provides incentives for firms and consumers to switch to cleaner energy sources.

E) energy intensity of GDP will increase.

119) Global greenhouse-gas (GHG) emission reductions are unlikely to be achieved through GDP reductions because

A) GDP cannot be reduced.

B) the rise in GDP in rich countries will be greater than the reductions in GDP in poor countries.

C) ongoing population growth and per capita income growth are likely to drive GDP upward.

D) the rise in GDP in poor countries will be greater than the reductions in GDP in rich countries.

E) the growth rate of world GDP is negative.

120) Consider global greenhouse-gas emissions. Suppose that in 2012, greenhouse gases emitted per unit of energy consumed decreased by 2%, energy use per unit of GDP decreased by 2%, and world GDP increased by 4%. What will be the approximate change in global greenhouse gas emissions in 2012?

A) increase by 4%

B) increase by 16%

C) decrease by 4%

D) decrease by 16%

E) no change