Question : 86. A company’s net sales were $676,600, its cost of goods : 1257874

Accounting

86. A company’s net sales were $676,600, its cost of goods sold was $236,810 and its net income was $33,750. Its gross margin ratio equals:
A. 5%.
B. 9.6%.
C. 35%.
D. 65%.
E. 285.7%.

87. A company had net sales of $752,000 and cost of goods sold of $543,000. Its net income was $17,530. The company’s gross margin ratio equals:
A. 18.9%
B. 24.5%
C. 27.8%
D. 34.7%
E. 35.2%

88. Mega Skateboard Supplier, Inc.had net sales of $2.8 million, its cost of goods sold was $1.6 million, and its net income was $0.9 million. Its gross margin ratio equals:
A. 32%.
B. 175%.
C. 43%.
D. 57%.
E. 56%.

89. The credit terms 2/10, n/30 are interpreted as:
A. 2% cash discount if the amount is paid within 10 days, or the balance due in 30 days.
B. 10% cash discount if the amount is paid within 2 days, or the balance due in 30 days.
C. 30% discount if paid within 2 days.
D. 30% discount if paid within 10 days.
E. 2% discount if paid within 30 days.

90. A trade discount is:
A. A term used by a purchaser to describe a cash discount given to customers for prompt payment.
B. A reduction in selling price below the list price.
C. A term used by a seller to describe a cash discount granted to customers for prompt payment.
D. A reduction in price for prompt payment.
E. Also called a rebate.

91. Jasper Company, Inc. is a wholesaler that buys merchandise in large quantities. Its supplier’s catalog indicates a list price of $500 on merchandise Jasper intends to purchase, and offers a 30% trade discount for large quantity purchases. The cost of shipping for the merchandise is $7 per unit. Jasper’s total purchase price per unit will be:

A. $507
B.$350
C. $357
D. $343
E. $493

92. Fragment Company, Inc. is a wholesaler that sells merchandise in large quantities. Its catalog indicates a list price of $300 on a particular product and a 40% trade discount is offered for quantity purchases of 50 units or more. The cost of shipping the merchandise is $7 per unit under terms FOB shipping point. If a customer purchases 100 units of this product, what is the amount of sales revenue that Fragment will record from this sale?

A. $18,000
B. $30,000
C. $18,700
D. $29,300
E. $30,700

93. The amount recorded for merchandise inventory includes all of the following :
A. Purchase discounts.
B. Returns and allowances.
C. Freight costs paid by the buyer.
D. Freight costs paid by the seller.
E. Trade discounts.

94. A company uses the perpetual inventory system and recorded the following entry:

Accounts Payable………………………… 2,500

Merchandise Inventory…………….50

Cash…………………………………2,450

This entry reflects a:
A. Purchase of merchandise on credit.
B. Return of merchandise.
C. Sale of merchandise on credit.
D. Payment of the account payable less a 2% cash discount taken.
E. Payment of the account payable less a 1% cash discount taken.

95. A debit memorandum is:
A. Required whenever a journal entry is recorded.
B. The source document for the purchase of merchandise inventory.
C. Required when a purchase discount is granted.
D. The document a buyer issues to inform the seller of a debit made to the seller’s account in the buyer’s records.
E. Not necessary in a perpetual inventory system.

Continue to order Get a quote

July 1, 2023

Distinguishing Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· Textbook: Chapter 8, 9, 17 (Introduction)

· Lesson

· Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Click on the following tabs to review the concepts that will be addressed in this activity:

A valid structure is the way in which an argument is put together that assures it will pass the test of logical strength.

Deductive: In deductive arguments, the speaker asserts that her premises are true and, therefore, her conclusion must be accepted. Remember that in a deductive argument, logical strength does not depend on the literal truth of the premises. When we test for logical strength, we assume the premises are true. Once we determine that the argument is logically valid, we can then look at the actual – not presumed – truth of the premises.

Inductive: In inductive arguments, the speaker presents evidence that she claims support the probable truth of her conclusion – that her conclusion is the most likely true – and so you should accept it.

The Basic Structure of Deductive and Inductive Arguments
Argument examples:

Deductive Argument Example: “Tightening laws restricting the use and possession of firearms does not protect average law-abiding citizens; it only puts them at greater risk. Enforcing licensing restrictions, trigger locks, and waiting periods makes it more difficult for law-abiding citizens to defend themselves, and, as a result, encourages criminal activity. Only criminals benefit when ordinary citizens are deprived of their right to own a firearm and protect themselves, their homes, and their families" (Lott, 2000, p. 169)

Lott, J., (2000). More guns, less crime: Understanding crime and gun-control laws. University of Chicago Press.

The argument boils down to this:

· Laws that are obeyed by ordinary citizens and not obeyed by criminals are laws that put ordinary citizens at risk.

· Tight gun laws are laws that are obeyed only by ordinary citizens.

· Tight gun laws put ordinary citizens at risk.

However, the argument itself is composed of three intertwined syllogisms:

Only ordinary citizens are persons who respect tight gun laws.
Criminal persons are not ordinary citizens.
Therefore, criminals do not respect tight gun laws.

Tight gun laws restrict only ordinary citizens.
No criminal is an ordinary citizen.
No criminal is restricted by tight gun laws.

Laws that disfavor the good are laws that favor the bad.
Tight gun laws favor the bad.
Therefore, tight gun laws disfavor the good.

Notice that you cannot remove any of the “legs” and maintain the claim. Notice, also, that the reasons are closely connected and depend on or follow from each other. Notice, also, that the first premise (called the major premise) must be accepted as true, or the entire argument fails.

Inductive Argument: The United States is too dependent upon foreign oil. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, we rely on imported foreign oil for about 45% of our needs. Of the imported oil, most comes from Canada, but 22% comes from countries in the Middle East. Undeniably, this dependence shapes our foreign policy. We have vast oil reserves that could make us energy independent. Development of these resources would produce much-needed jobs, many of them in areas of the country suffering most from the recession. We should be developing an energy policy that makes us energy independent.

· Reason: We import 45% of our oil.

· Reason: Middle East oil imports shape our foreign policy.

· Reason: Our vast oil reserves could make us energy independent.

· Reason: Development of oil reserves could produce much needed jobs.

· Conclusion: For any or all of the above, independent reasons, we should become energy independent.

Notice that any one of these reasons, standing alone, could support the conclusions; they are not logically related to one another as they would be in a syllogism.

Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, address the following:

· Find and post examples of deductive and inductive arguments. Do NOT use an argument example which clearly indicates it is an example of an inductive/deductive argument.

· For each example, evaluate its logical strength, using the concepts and ideas presented in the textbook readings, the lesson, and any other source you find that helps you to evaluate the validity (deductive) or strength (inductive) of the argument. You can use examples from the text, or you can find examples elsewhere.

oEditorials and opinion columns are a good source, as are letters to the editor. Blogs will also often be based on arguments.

oUse mapping and evaluative techniques to make sure it is an argument.

· Is it inductive or deductive? Explain why.

· Does it pass the tests of validity and strength? Explain.