111.
Regarding theories, which of the following statements is true?
A.
Theories vary in their breadth.
B.
Theories are translations of hypotheses into specific procedures.
C.
Theories stem from hypotheses.
D.
Theories are predictions stated in a way that allow them to be tested.
112.
As compared to the theories about human behavior we all develop in daily life, those formulated by psychologists are:
A.
more general.
B.
broader.
C.
more complex.
D.
more formal.
113.
According to Bibb Latane and John Darley’s theory of _____, the greater the number of bystanders or witnesses to an event that calls for helping behavior, the more the responsibility for helping is perceived to be shared by all the bystanders.
A.
diffusion of responsibility
B.
command responsibility
C.
social responsibility
D.
collective responsibility
114.
“People with opposite personality traits are more likely to be attracted to each other.” This is a(n):
A.
hypothesis.
B.
correlation.
C.
theory.
D.
operational definition.
115.
A hypothesis is best defined as a:
A.
prediction stated in a way that allows it to be tested.
B.
specification of a variable in terms of the procedures that will be used to measure it.
C.
broad, general explanation of the phenomenon of interest.
D.
behavior, event, or other characteristic that can assume different values.
116.
When asked to define “popularity,” Brianna offers, “It’s when everyone likes you.” Chrissy suggests, “It’s basically the number of friends you have.” How do the two girls’ definitions differ?
A.
Chrissy’s is a procedural definition; Brianna’s is not.
B.
Brianna’s is an operational definition; Chrissy’s is not.
C.
Brianna’s is a procedural definition; Chrissy’s is not.
D.
Chrissy’s is an operational definition; Brianna’s is not.
117.
Which of the following is an operational definition of happiness?
A.
An individual’s feeling of joy
B.
An individual’s sense of achievement and spirituality
C.
An individual’s self-rating on a 10-point happiness scale
D.
An individual’s feeling of contentment
118.
Regarding operational definitions, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A.
For a given hypothesis, there are usually two operational definitions.
B.
For a given hypothesis, there is a single best operational definition.
C.
For a given hypothesis, many operational definitions are usually possible.
D.
Some hypotheses cannot be translated into operational definitions.
119.
Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
A.
A theory is more focused than a hypothesis.
B.
A theory is broader than a hypothesis.
C.
A theory is the same as a hypothesis.
D.
A theory is unrelated to a hypothesis.
120.
Prediction is to explanation what _____ is to _____.
A.
hypothesis; theory
B.
theory; hypothesis
C.
variable; supposition
D.
hypothesis; variable
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