Multiple Choice Questions
1.
_____ refers to the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.
A.
Development
B.
Intelligence
C.
Cognition
D.
Motivation
2.
Dr. Schmidt studies the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms. Dr. Schmidt studies:
A.
personality.
B.
intelligence.
C.
cognition.
D.
motivation.
3.
Declan, a Ph.D candidate, tells his department’s undergraduate student organization that his dissertation research is in the area of motivation. Declan is investigating:
A.
the ability to generate new solutions to problems.
B.
the way behavior changes as a result of experience.
C.
the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.
D.
the processes whereby information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
4.
When psychologists first tried to explain motivation, they turned to _____.
A.
notions
B.
instincts
C.
incitements
D.
stimulants
5.
Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined are called:
A.
desires.
B.
instincts.
C.
notions.
D.
motives.
6.
With which of the following early psychologists is instinct theory most strongly associated?
A.
James
B.
Thorndike
C.
McDougall
D.
Watson
7.
Which of the following is NOT among the shortcomings of instinct approaches to motivation?
A.
Instinct approaches can account only for physiological motivations, not psychological ones.
B.
Instinct theorists identified too many different instincts for the theory to be useful.
C.
Instinct theorists disagreed on the precise instincts guiding behavior.
D.
Instinct theorists fail to explain why certain specific patterns of behavior have evolved in a given species.
8.
Which of the following statements best expresses the fate of instinct approaches to motivation within mainstream psychology?
A.
Instinct approaches to motivation are gaining strength in psychology, as they reflect the cutting-edge perspective of cognitive psychology.
B. Instinct approaches to motivation still play a role in certain theories, especially those based on evolutionary approaches that focus on our genetic inheritance.
C.
Instinct approaches to motivation have been abandoned and are really of only historical interest in psychology.
D.
Instinct approaches have always been influential in the psychology of motivation.
9.
The first two theoretical approaches to motivation that attained prominence in the history of modern psychology were:
A.
the instinct approach and then the incentive approach.
B.
the incentive approach and then the drive-reduction approach.
C.
the drive-reduction approach and then the instinct approach.
D.
the instinct approach and then the drive-reduction approach.
10.
Drive-reduction approaches first appeared in the psychology of motivation in the:
A.
1920s.
B.
1940s.
C.
1960s.
D.
1980s.
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