Question :
31. Joanne will not go out at night because she hears : 1252929
31. Joanne will not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city. However, crime in Joanne’s city has actually gone down in the past few years. To which bias is Joanne falling victim?
A. The representativeness heuristic
B. Functional fixedness
C. The availability heuristic
D. The confirmation bias
32. “You always clam up when I ask you what’s wrong,” Iris tells her boyfriend. Iris is probably making this frequency judgment because she can remember a few times that her boyfriend wouldn’t tell her what was bothering him. Iris is using the _____ heuristic.
A. representativeness
B. availability
C. functional
D. frequency
33. In a _____ heuristic, known items are seen as superior to those that are unknown.
A. representativeness
B. availability
C. functional
D. familiarity
34. When you go to the supermarket, you see the brand of cookies you usually buy, and settle for it. Usually it’s a good rule of thumb, because it saves a lot of time. You do not ponder over every type of cookie available in the store. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. representativeness heuristic
B. syllogistic reasoning
C. algorithm
D. familiarity heuristic
35. _____ intelligence is the field that examines how to use technology to imitate the outcome of human thinking, problem solving, and creative activities.
A. Artificial
B. Bodily-kinesthetic
C. Spatial
D. Existential
36. Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of the three broad phases of the problem-solving process, from first to last?
A. Preparation ? judgment ? production
B. Judgment ? production ? preparation
C. Preparation ? production ? judgment
D. Judgment ? preparation ? production
37. In _____ problems, the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it are clear; in _____ problems, either or both the nature of the problem and the information required to solve it are unclear.
A. well-defined; ill-defined
B. algorithmic; heuristic
C. arrangement; inducing structure
D. transformation; arrangement
38. Which of the following is an ill-defined problem?
A. Navigating to a museum in a nearby city
B. Composing a good concerto
C. Finding out where several well-known authors were born
D. Playing Scrabble
39. “Convert to a mixed numeral: 18/5,” states one problem in a fifth-grader’s arithmetic text. This is a(n) _____ problem. It is best solved through the application of _____.
A. well-defined; algorithms
B. well-defined; heuristics
C. ill-defined; algorithms
D. ill-defined; heuristics
40. Dr. Ireland’s class is attempting to find derivatives; Dr. Jamison’s class is developing campaign strategies for a local politician. Which of the following statements is MOST likely TRUE?
A. Dr. Ireland’s class is solving a well-defined problem.
B. Dr. Jamison’s class is solving a well-defined problem.
C. Dr. Ireland’s class is using syllogistic reasoning.
D. Dr. Jamison’s class is using familiarity heuristic.
