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Week 6 Discussion 1: Presidential Advisor

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

  • Textbook: Review Chapter 2, 3 (pp. 56-59), 13
  • Lesson
  • Additional scholarly sources you identify through your own research

TEXTBOOK:

 Magstadt, T. (2017). Understanding Politics: Ideas, institutions, and issues (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage. 

 Post Instructions:

You are an advisor to the President tasked with cutting at least $300 billion from the budget. The president wants your recommendations to cut lines, not large categories. Explain why you chose those cuts.

Note: THESE ARE NOT  TRUE US BUDGET NUMBERS!.

DOMESTIC PROGRAMS AND FOREIGN AID

Cut some foreign aid to African countries

 $17 billion

Eliminate farm subsidies

 $14 billion

Cut pay of civilian federal workers by 5 percent

 $14 billion

Reduce the overall federal workforce by 10%

 $12 billion

Cut aid to states by 5%

 $29 billion

MILITARY

Cut the number of nuclear warheads, and end the “Star Wars” missile defense program

 $19 billion

Reduce military to pre-Iraq War size and further reduce troops in Asia and Europe

 $25 billion

Cancel or delay some weapons programs

 $19 billion

HEALTHCARE

Enact medical malpractice reform by reducing the chances of large malpractice verdicts

 $ 8 billion

Increase the Medicare eligibility age to 68

 $ 8 billion

Raise the Social Security retirement age to 68.

 $ 13 billion

EXISTING TAXES

Return the estate tax to Clinton-era levels, passing on an estate worth more than $1 million to their heirs would have portions of those estates taxed.

 $ 50 billion

End tax cuts for income above $250,000 a year

 $ 54 billion

End tax cuts for income below $250,000 a year

 $ 172 billion

Payroll tax increase for people making over $106,000 annually contributing more to Social Security and Medicare.

 $ 50 billion

NEW TAXES

Institute a Millionaire’s tax on income above $1 million

 $ 50 billion

Add a national 5% sales tax

 $ 41 billion

Add a tax on carbon emissions

 $ 40 billion

Tax banks based on their sizes and the amount of risk they take.

 $ 73 billion

Total gap covered by your budget plan

$_________________

Use evidence (cite sources) to support your response from assigned readings or online lessons, and at TWO outside scholarly source.

Summary for discussion post: 

Imagine that you’re a high-ranking advisor to the President of the United States (If it helps think of a generic president, not the actual person in the White House), and you’re tasked with cutting at least $300 billion from the budget.

The president wants your recommendations to cut lines, not large categories. Explain why you chose those cuts.

Be sure to list the options you chose with their totals and your overall total as well. Reaching $300 Billion is tough, so I want you to get your total somewhere between $290 – 310 Billion.

———————————–

As you start, this hypothetical budget has a shortfall (or gap) of $300 Billion. You can make-up the difference with $300 Billion in budget cuts, OR $300 Billion in tax increases, OR something that uses both cuts and taxes.

So, let’s say you decide to use the first two options seen in the Assessment:
Cut some foreign aid African countries $17 billion
Eliminate farm subsidies $14 billion

You just eliminated $31 Billion from the gap. And the gap is now $269 Billion!

Unfortunately, you just annoyed U.S. foreign allies and farmers.

So you raise taxes:
End Bush tax cuts for income above $250,000 a year $54 billion

Now the gap is $215 Billion — and you just upset high-income tax payers — many of whom are now upset and won’t be contributing toward your boss’ Presidential campaign; making it harder for you — and your boss — to keep your jobs. Ah the joys of government budgeting! ????

Lesson: Economics

Introduction

This week we will explore the economy, including the impact that governments have upon economic matters and the cost of welfare programs.

The US Budget

In February of each year, the President submits around a $3.8 trillion budget proposal to Congress for approval. This proposal is based on the President’s priorities, and what he believes will pass in the Congress. Once the plan is made public, interest groups, citizens, scholars, political scientists, and pundits begin to scrutinize it to see what spending will go where.

The American economic system is very complicated. It is considered a laissez-faire economy, but this does not mean that it operates in an entirely free market. There are rules and regulations in place to protect the market, and the businesses and people working within it. Some of these safeguards developed during a period known as the New Deal, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, as a means of lessening the impact of the Great Depression. These protections are referred to as the social safety net or welfare programs.

Welfare is a term applied to social programs that contribute to the overall well-being of the citizens, and these types of programs usually develop when there is a great need within the populace. For example, during The Great Depression, inflation rates made the dollar lose its previous value. The Great Depression resulted in the suffering of a large portion of the population because many could not pay their bills, or buy necessities such as food which was in short supply to being with. Eventually, technological advances, spurred by the Industrial Revolution, made the farming process less difficult, allowing for larger and larger amounts of crops to be produced. Although this produced more food for a while, it also dropped the price of food, given the fundamental law of supply and demand. If the supply of a product rises above the demand for the product, prices will fall.

Supply and Demand

With the fall in crop prices, farmers who had mortgaged their homes and land to afford new farming equipment lost it all because they could no longer earn enough to pay off their loans. Also, the new technology contributed to overfarming much of the land, which stripped needed nutrients from the soil, making it unfarmable for some time, developing The Dust Bowl. With the upper layer of soil missing from much of the farmland in the Midwest, the large amount of dust caused great dust storms as severe as blizzards. Food production suffered because of limited farmland, causing supply to decrease, raising the price of food again. However, given the state of inflation during this time, the average person could not keep up with these costs forcing the government to step in to provide for the people and stabilize prices.

Although welfare programs serve purposes, they are not free. The problem of paying for them falls on every nation that offers them, which is why there is always much deliberation regarding these programs. The United States offers far fewer social programs than its European allies—based upon its laissez-faire approach—and yet there is always much discussion about their existence. American conservatives tend to support a reduction in the funding of such programs, whereas liberals usually argue for an increase in their funding.

Cargo containers with Chines and American flags on them

From the US budget to negotiating with China on tariffs, it is no doubt economics is essential. Economics has become even more critical as our society has globalized, making the world smaller. It is harder to find specific products with the “Made in the USA” label as businesses are outsourcing many manufacturing jobs to other nations to provide lower prices. The US, the only superpower, continues to be part of the global political economy.

The Global Political Economy

Men in maze

The paths that take nations to democracy are rarely straight, and never identical. The same can be said for those societies opting to embrace a market economy. The most successful economic system currently is capitalism, but capitalism has evolved and continues to grow differently in various countries around the world. Political scientists measure these changes alongside the systems’ roots in, and influence on, the political world.

For half of the last century, many countries around the world operated under an economic system different from capitalism. The Cold War between the communist Soviet Union and the Western capitalist world has guided much of the international and domestic politics of the past 60 years. As communism eroded in the face of global markets, however, even the largest of the communist superpowers (Russia and China) moved toward market-based economies. Capitalist countries have also seen changes in the market over the past 75 years. The “free market” does not exactly exist in any democratic state because concerns about social well-being have caused most governments to establish some safety net to protect populations from the harsh realities of the market. Programs such as Social Security are examples of this safety net in the United States.

Theoretical distinctions can be made between different democratic countries and their economic development. An example of such a difference presented in the field of political science categorizes countries’ financial systems based on how active the government is in the economy. Esping-Anderson (1990) writes that these economies can be categorized as laissez-faire, corporatist, or social democratic. Laissez-faire economies are those that remain most closely tied to the free market. Governments in these states have little democratic control over the economy and tend to allow the market to control prices and income distribution. Corporatist economies have strong centralized governments attempting to balance income distribution and market concerns between the free population and the private sector. Social-democratic countries are those in which the government owns many social services and heavily regulates private industry.

As you might imagine, with so many different economies operating in the world, the international sphere as a whole has an economy of its own. Countries have to compete for business, and businesses have to compete for consumers. Trade agreements and restrictions are established to make these competitions equitable and productive. As Russia and China become increasingly dominant on the world economic stage, the international political and economic landscape will continue to change. The emergence of new economic powers is not the only pressure on the international economy, however. Political issues such as wages, immigration, export controls, taxes, and employment all factor into decisions that impact global markets. Citizens are going to have to make difficult decisions relating to many concerns of this new global environment in the coming years. Should national sovereignty be given to international organizations? Should businesses that pay low wages in other countries be allowed to import goods? Must governments ultimately regulate the economy, or can the free market solve these problems without interference?

Summary

It seems clear that economics are closely tied to politics and that decisions regarding regulation of economic matters have a direct impact on a government’s success.

References:

Congressional Budget Office. (2017). The Federal budget in 2017. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53624

Esping-Anderson, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Hoboken, NJ.: John Wiley & Sons.

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July 1, 2023
    

The Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security offered a unique insight into how this cabinet level agency viewed the issue.
The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) was the document to offer this perspective.

The QHSR is an important foundational document in this discussion as it established multiple resilience goals and
objectives in the areas of critical infrastructure, supply chain systems, and cyber. The resilience of all of these areas,
and other sectors covered by the QHSR is a national imperative. Recent threat activities in the cyber sphere
underscores this need. From OPM, and Home Depot, to EQUIFAX and even the Department of Homeland Security itself
have suffered breaches.

DHS specifically noted in the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR):

This second quadrennial review reflects a more focused, collaborative Departmental strategy, planning, and
analytic capability. The risk-informed priorities set forth in this Review will drive operational planning, as well as
analysis of resource and capability options and tradeoffs over the next four years. The Review also recognizes the
responsibility the Department shares with hundreds of thousands of people across the federal, state, local, tribal,
and territorial governments, the private sector, and other nongovernmental organizations, and provides a path
forward for engaging in public-private partnerships. These are the people who regularly interact with the public,
who are responsible for public safety and security, which own and operate our nation’s critical infrastructure and
services, who perform research and develop technology, and who keep watch, prepare for, and respond to
emerging threats and disasters.

It should come as no surprise that one of the five QHSR missions is devoted to resilience: Mission 5 – Strengthening
National Preparedness and Resilience. It should be noted the Congressionally mandated 2018 QHSR was never
released.

But there are even more agencies, within the Department of Homeland Security such as the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, (FEMA) which released the country's first-ever National Preparedness Goal in 2011. Again,
another foundational document dealing with resilience.

(Image: https://www.cisa.gov/)

The creation, in 2018, of the DHS Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) assed to the national
resilience effort. According to that agency’s web site:

We coordinate security and resilience efforts using trusted partnerships across the private and public sectors and
deliver technical assistance and assessments to federal stakeholders as well as to infrastructure owners and operators
nationwide. CISA (n.d.) also delivers insights on these assessments related to current capabilities to identify gaps,
which—along with an examination of emerging technologies—help determine the demand for future capabilities (both
near- and long-term).

CISA has developed Sector Coordinating Councils (SCC) that are, “self-organized and self-governed councils that
enable critical infrastructure owners and operators, their trade associations, and other industry representatives to
interact on a wide range of sector-specific strategies, policies, and activities. The SCCs coordinate and collaborate with
sector-specific agencies (SSAs) and related Government Coordinating Councils (GCCs) to address the entire range of
critical infrastructure security and resilience policies and efforts for that sector.”

Finally, perhaps the document that is most talked about regarding resilience is President Policy Directives-8 or PDD-8.
Within this PDD a vision is presented for nationwide preparedness and identifies the core capabilities and targets
necessary to achieve preparedness across the following five mission areas: prevention, protection, mitigation,
response and recovery. Recognizing that preparedness is a shared responsibility, Presidential Policy Directive / PPD-8:
National Preparedness was signed by the President on March 30, 2011.

At its core, PPD-8 requires the involvement of everyone—not just the government—in a systematic effort to keep the
nation safe from harm and resilient when struck by hazards, such as natural disasters, acts of terrorism and
pandemics. When you think about it in the purest sense, isn’t that what resilience as an element of Homeland Security
really is?

One other Homeland Security resilience issue that has received a lot of focus from DHS’ Office of Academic
Engagement or OAE is the new Campus Resilience program. Released in April of 2018 this program which was based
on TableTop Exercises (TTX). This effort is driven by active shooter type events.

This policy directive calls on federal departments and agencies to work with the whole community to develop a
national preparedness goal and a series of frameworks and plans related to reaching the goal.

To help resilience get the kind of academic focus that it should the Department of Homeland Security Science and
Technology Directorate Office of University programs has established two academic centers of excellence. One is at the
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) – Coastal Resilience Center or CRC and one at the University of Illinois
Champaign-Urbana – the Critical Infrastructure Resilience Institute or CIRI. To get an understand of the research that
has done please visit these links:

https://coastalresiliencecenter.unc.edu/

https://ciri.illinois.edu/

Finally, to get a real sense of where the issue of Homeland Security and resilience stands entering 2021 listen to the
speech by Dr. Stephen Flynn, the Founding Director of the Global Resilience Institute at Northeastern University, and
one of America’s true experts on resilience. The link for this closed caption “Skype speech” from the 2020 Maritime

Risk Symposium provides Dr. Flynn’s perspective on maritime resilience in the face of growing human-made and
naturally occurring turbulence.

As you consider this issue keep in mind that the new Administration has issued Interim National Security Strategic
Guidance. Noted the Congressional Research Service:

In drafting national security strategies, every administration faces central questions about how the U.S.
government should define and advance national security. The Biden Administration argues that the COVID-19
pandemic and other systemic issues, including (but not limited to) climate change and the rise of anti-democratic
authoritarian populism, are forcing the United States to take an expansive view of what constitutes matters of
national security. In so doing, the INSSG articulates some continuity with the Trump Administration in identifying
the challenge that strategic competition with China poses to U.S. national security. (Congressional Research
Service)

What will be the impact on national resilience with this framework for the National Security Strategy? This is what the
Congressional Research Service noted:

How might Interagency Resources be Rebalanced? Since 2001, the Department of Defense (DOD) and U.S.
military have taken on missions beyond traditional warfighting responsibilities (including, but not limited to,
providing more security assistance and assisting with international disease responses). The State Department,
the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. Trade Representative, and other agencies
provide critical national security capabilities, but possess narrower authorities and command fewer budgetary and
personnel resources.

How does national resilience get impacted or does it? Is there a direct connection between the NSS and national
resilience?

default image
July 1, 2023
    

The Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security offered a unique insight into how this cabinet level agency viewed the issue.
The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) was the document to offer this perspective.

The QHSR is an important foundational document in this discussion as it established multiple resilience goals and
objectives in the areas of critical infrastructure, supply chain systems, and cyber. The resilience of all of these areas,
and other sectors covered by the QHSR is a national imperative. Recent threat activities in the cyber sphere
underscores this need. From OPM, and Home Depot, to EQUIFAX and even the Department of Homeland Security itself
have suffered breaches.

DHS specifically noted in the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR):

This second quadrennial review reflects a more focused, collaborative Departmental strategy, planning, and
analytic capability. The risk-informed priorities set forth in this Review will drive operational planning, as well as
analysis of resource and capability options and tradeoffs over the next four years. The Review also recognizes the
responsibility the Department shares with hundreds of thousands of people across the federal, state, local, tribal,
and territorial governments, the private sector, and other nongovernmental organizations, and provides a path
forward for engaging in public-private partnerships. These are the people who regularly interact with the public,
who are responsible for public safety and security, which own and operate our nation’s critical infrastructure and
services, who perform research and develop technology, and who keep watch, prepare for, and respond to
emerging threats and disasters.

It should come as no surprise that one of the five QHSR missions is devoted to resilience: Mission 5 – Strengthening
National Preparedness and Resilience. It should be noted the Congressionally mandated 2018 QHSR was never
released.

But there are even more agencies, within the Department of Homeland Security such as the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, (FEMA) which released the country's first-ever National Preparedness Goal in 2011. Again,
another foundational document dealing with resilience.

(Image: https://www.cisa.gov/)

The creation, in 2018, of the DHS Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) assed to the national
resilience effort. According to that agency’s web site:

We coordinate security and resilience efforts using trusted partnerships across the private and public sectors and
deliver technical assistance and assessments to federal stakeholders as well as to infrastructure owners and operators
nationwide. CISA (n.d.) also delivers insights on these assessments related to current capabilities to identify gaps,
which—along with an examination of emerging technologies—help determine the demand for future capabilities (both
near- and long-term).

CISA has developed Sector Coordinating Councils (SCC) that are, “self-organized and self-governed councils that
enable critical infrastructure owners and operators, their trade associations, and other industry representatives to
interact on a wide range of sector-specific strategies, policies, and activities. The SCCs coordinate and collaborate with
sector-specific agencies (SSAs) and related Government Coordinating Councils (GCCs) to address the entire range of
critical infrastructure security and resilience policies and efforts for that sector.”

Finally, perhaps the document that is most talked about regarding resilience is President Policy Directives-8 or PDD-8.
Within this PDD a vision is presented for nationwide preparedness and identifies the core capabilities and targets
necessary to achieve preparedness across the following five mission areas: prevention, protection, mitigation,
response and recovery. Recognizing that preparedness is a shared responsibility, Presidential Policy Directive / PPD-8:
National Preparedness was signed by the President on March 30, 2011.

At its core, PPD-8 requires the involvement of everyone—not just the government—in a systematic effort to keep the
nation safe from harm and resilient when struck by hazards, such as natural disasters, acts of terrorism and
pandemics. When you think about it in the purest sense, isn’t that what resilience as an element of Homeland Security
really is?

One other Homeland Security resilience issue that has received a lot of focus from DHS’ Office of Academic
Engagement or OAE is the new Campus Resilience program. Released in April of 2018 this program which was based
on TableTop Exercises (TTX). This effort is driven by active shooter type events.

This policy directive calls on federal departments and agencies to work with the whole community to develop a
national preparedness goal and a series of frameworks and plans related to reaching the goal.

To help resilience get the kind of academic focus that it should the Department of Homeland Security Science and
Technology Directorate Office of University programs has established two academic centers of excellence. One is at the
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) – Coastal Resilience Center or CRC and one at the University of Illinois
Champaign-Urbana – the Critical Infrastructure Resilience Institute or CIRI. To get an understand of the research that
has done please visit these links:

https://coastalresiliencecenter.unc.edu/

https://ciri.illinois.edu/

Finally, to get a real sense of where the issue of Homeland Security and resilience stands entering 2021 listen to the
speech by Dr. Stephen Flynn, the Founding Director of the Global Resilience Institute at Northeastern University, and
one of America’s true experts on resilience. The link for this closed caption “Skype speech” from the 2020 Maritime

Risk Symposium provides Dr. Flynn’s perspective on maritime resilience in the face of growing human-made and
naturally occurring turbulence.

As you consider this issue keep in mind that the new Administration has issued Interim National Security Strategic
Guidance. Noted the Congressional Research Service:

In drafting national security strategies, every administration faces central questions about how the U.S.
government should define and advance national security. The Biden Administration argues that the COVID-19
pandemic and other systemic issues, including (but not limited to) climate change and the rise of anti-democratic
authoritarian populism, are forcing the United States to take an expansive view of what constitutes matters of
national security. In so doing, the INSSG articulates some continuity with the Trump Administration in identifying
the challenge that strategic competition with China poses to U.S. national security. (Congressional Research
Service)

What will be the impact on national resilience with this framework for the National Security Strategy? This is what the
Congressional Research Service noted:

How might Interagency Resources be Rebalanced? Since 2001, the Department of Defense (DOD) and U.S.
military have taken on missions beyond traditional warfighting responsibilities (including, but not limited to,
providing more security assistance and assisting with international disease responses). The State Department,
the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. Trade Representative, and other agencies
provide critical national security capabilities, but possess narrower authorities and command fewer budgetary and
personnel resources.

How does national resilience get impacted or does it? Is there a direct connection between the NSS and national
resilience?

default image
July 1, 2023
    

The Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security offered a unique insight into how this cabinet level agency viewed the issue.
The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) was the document to offer this perspective.

The QHSR is an important foundational document in this discussion as it established multiple resilience goals and
objectives in the areas of critical infrastructure, supply chain systems, and cyber. The resilience of all of these areas,
and other sectors covered by the QHSR is a national imperative. Recent threat activities in the cyber sphere
underscores this need. From OPM, and Home Depot, to EQUIFAX and even the Department of Homeland Security itself
have suffered breaches.

DHS specifically noted in the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR):

This second quadrennial review reflects a more focused, collaborative Departmental strategy, planning, and
analytic capability. The risk-informed priorities set forth in this Review will drive operational planning, as well as
analysis of resource and capability options and tradeoffs over the next four years. The Review also recognizes the
responsibility the Department shares with hundreds of thousands of people across the federal, state, local, tribal,
and territorial governments, the private sector, and other nongovernmental organizations, and provides a path
forward for engaging in public-private partnerships. These are the people who regularly interact with the public,
who are responsible for public safety and security, which own and operate our nation’s critical infrastructure and
services, who perform research and develop technology, and who keep watch, prepare for, and respond to
emerging threats and disasters.

It should come as no surprise that one of the five QHSR missions is devoted to resilience: Mission 5 – Strengthening
National Preparedness and Resilience. It should be noted the Congressionally mandated 2018 QHSR was never
released.

But there are even more agencies, within the Department of Homeland Security such as the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, (FEMA) which released the country's first-ever National Preparedness Goal in 2011. Again,
another foundational document dealing with resilience.

(Image: https://www.cisa.gov/)

The creation, in 2018, of the DHS Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) assed to the national
resilience effort. According to that agency’s web site:

We coordinate security and resilience efforts using trusted partnerships across the private and public sectors and
deliver technical assistance and assessments to federal stakeholders as well as to infrastructure owners and operators
nationwide. CISA (n.d.) also delivers insights on these assessments related to current capabilities to identify gaps,
which—along with an examination of emerging technologies—help determine the demand for future capabilities (both
near- and long-term).

CISA has developed Sector Coordinating Councils (SCC) that are, “self-organized and self-governed councils that
enable critical infrastructure owners and operators, their trade associations, and other industry representatives to
interact on a wide range of sector-specific strategies, policies, and activities. The SCCs coordinate and collaborate with
sector-specific agencies (SSAs) and related Government Coordinating Councils (GCCs) to address the entire range of
critical infrastructure security and resilience policies and efforts for that sector.”

Finally, perhaps the document that is most talked about regarding resilience is President Policy Directives-8 or PDD-8.
Within this PDD a vision is presented for nationwide preparedness and identifies the core capabilities and targets
necessary to achieve preparedness across the following five mission areas: prevention, protection, mitigation,
response and recovery. Recognizing that preparedness is a shared responsibility, Presidential Policy Directive / PPD-8:
National Preparedness was signed by the President on March 30, 2011.

At its core, PPD-8 requires the involvement of everyone—not just the government—in a systematic effort to keep the
nation safe from harm and resilient when struck by hazards, such as natural disasters, acts of terrorism and
pandemics. When you think about it in the purest sense, isn’t that what resilience as an element of Homeland Security
really is?

One other Homeland Security resilience issue that has received a lot of focus from DHS’ Office of Academic
Engagement or OAE is the new Campus Resilience program. Released in April of 2018 this program which was based
on TableTop Exercises (TTX). This effort is driven by active shooter type events.

This policy directive calls on federal departments and agencies to work with the whole community to develop a
national preparedness goal and a series of frameworks and plans related to reaching the goal.

To help resilience get the kind of academic focus that it should the Department of Homeland Security Science and
Technology Directorate Office of University programs has established two academic centers of excellence. One is at the
University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) – Coastal Resilience Center or CRC and one at the University of Illinois
Champaign-Urbana – the Critical Infrastructure Resilience Institute or CIRI. To get an understand of the research that
has done please visit these links:

https://coastalresiliencecenter.unc.edu/

https://ciri.illinois.edu/

Finally, to get a real sense of where the issue of Homeland Security and resilience stands entering 2021 listen to the
speech by Dr. Stephen Flynn, the Founding Director of the Global Resilience Institute at Northeastern University, and
one of America’s true experts on resilience. The link for this closed caption “Skype speech” from the 2020 Maritime

Risk Symposium provides Dr. Flynn’s perspective on maritime resilience in the face of growing human-made and
naturally occurring turbulence.

As you consider this issue keep in mind that the new Administration has issued Interim National Security Strategic
Guidance. Noted the Congressional Research Service:

In drafting national security strategies, every administration faces central questions about how the U.S.
government should define and advance national security. The Biden Administration argues that the COVID-19
pandemic and other systemic issues, including (but not limited to) climate change and the rise of anti-democratic
authoritarian populism, are forcing the United States to take an expansive view of what constitutes matters of
national security. In so doing, the INSSG articulates some continuity with the Trump Administration in identifying
the challenge that strategic competition with China poses to U.S. national security. (Congressional Research
Service)

What will be the impact on national resilience with this framework for the National Security Strategy? This is what the
Congressional Research Service noted:

How might Interagency Resources be Rebalanced? Since 2001, the Department of Defense (DOD) and U.S.
military have taken on missions beyond traditional warfighting responsibilities (including, but not limited to,
providing more security assistance and assisting with international disease responses). The State Department,
the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the U.S. Trade Representative, and other agencies
provide critical national security capabilities, but possess narrower authorities and command fewer budgetary and
personnel resources.

How does national resilience get impacted or does it? Is there a direct connection between the NSS and national
resilience?

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Made 100% on both the outline and the paper. Quick turnaround time and my writer responded within 30 min or less. Any edits my instructor needed, my writer was patient and worked diligently to accomplish the task. Would recommend my writer to anyone!

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Customer #14472
International Trade, 8 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

You are making my life so much easier! I am a single mom that works and goes to school. You guys are helping me with my projects so I can have more free time with my son.

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customer #13832
Tourism, 3 pages
Annotated Bibliography
August 5, 2021
    

I was sure it can fit in a single page but the next time I will add one more page because I am impressed with your professionalism and quality. Will use many more times till I graduate.

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customer #12008
Management, 7 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

Simple registration and quality services. I just ordered one paper, and it was good enough to pass the exam. That is what I need the most. Good job.

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customer #16257
Communication, 4 pages
Research Proposal
August 5, 2021
    

I couldn’t finish my freaking essay, and I was very desperate. A friend of mine sent me a link, and that is how I found out about you guys. Thank you for professional tips and editing. Now, I understand how to write it properly.

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customer #17128
Law, 5 pages
Reflection
August 5, 2021
    

I’m so grateful to you since you managed to complete my term paper in one day! You are definitely the best company ever!

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customer #16528
Public Relations, 7 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

I am sure on your ability to provide any type of paper I will order. I wish I could develop that skill your writers have to be able to have a flow of ideas and excellent sequencing of thoughts in writing.

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customer #19552
Medicine, 5 pages
Coursework
August 5, 2021
    

I ordered a thesis paper and was satisfied. All the guys were polite and highly professional, even when I wrote to them several times per day. Thanks for your passion!

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customer #20376
Nursing, 6 pages
Discussion Essay
August 5, 2021
    

I turned to the service twice, and my papers always were beyond the expectations. To tell the truth, I was ready to find some grammar errors or something like that. However, everything was neat and tidy.

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customer #18529
Marketing, 1 page
August 5, 2021

My friend recommended Doctor My Essay to me. It is convenient! Now we both turn to the service periodically coz wanna save some time and use it more effectively. I know that while I’m developing my startup, an expert is working on paper. Time management in work!

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Research Paper
August 5, 2021
    

I write all paper works by myself but have some problems with literacy. Actually, I have enormous problems because English is not my native language. However, with proofreading from Doctor My Essay, I can relax and don’t be ashamed of mistakes.

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customer #12924
Business, 7 pages
Argumentative Essay
August 5, 2021
    

Your ability to write concisely is a finding. The paper has a solid argument. It’s clear that the writer understood central claim about the topic. He also presented original ideas to consider.

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customer #19304
Management, 3 pages
Coursework
August 5, 2021
    

That paper got the highest grade in my class and the professor thinks I’m the smartest student. Lol.

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customer #12387
Accounting, 6 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

I was convinced that paper writing services are the fiction for naive students. But when it came to my research paper that was to be composed in 72 hours, I had no other options. I made the right choice when I ordered it from you!

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customer #12924
Ethics, 4 pages
Business Plan
August 5, 2021
    

I was also satisfied with the service. Usually, I write everything by myself, but this time ( I have no idea how it happens!) I missed the deadline. My writer was very responsible, wrote the essay quickly, and kept the instructions. Nice to know that such experts exist!

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customer #15677
Marketing, 10 pages
Annotated Bibliography
August 5, 2021
    

It is really affordable! The prices start from 9$, which is an excellent proposal on the market. Recently I worked with another service that took much more money and provided lower quality papers.

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customer #11234
Sociology, 9 pages
Research proposal
August 5, 2021
    

I am absolutely satisfied. I am first timer here. Revision was made quickly, and the author met my expectations. Thanks a lot. Paper is phenomenal.

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customer #15327
Economics, 5 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

Having heard a lot of negative reviews about such services, I was a bit skeptical. However, our cooperation with Doctor My Essay was without pitfalls. I made two comments about the final work, and they re-wrote some parts very promptly. I am satisfied and will turn to them in the future.

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customer #17823
Human Resource Management, 2 pages
Research paper
August 5, 2021
    

It was my first experience in online ordering, and I was a bit nervous. However, this was for nothing. I’ve got a high mark!

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customer #12372
Public Relations, 3 pages
Dissertation
August 5, 2021
    

I understand that buying essays is a doubtful thing. You don’t put effort, don’t represent your ideas… However, I don’t perceive Doctor My Essay as a standard service. They don’t sell papers. They share high expertise!

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customer #12376
Journal article, 20 pages
Coursework
August 5, 2021
    

According to my previous experience, this service is really the best. They support the client and have competitive writers. I give them a perfect score!

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customer #19266
Political Science, 6 pages
Admission Essay
August 5, 2021
    

Nice service! It is cool that you can use the calculator on the main page and understand the price policy. For me, it is a huge plus!

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customer #11437
Tourism, 1 page
Discussion Essay
August 5, 2021
    

Thanks to God I found this service! If I didn’t send my research to the teacher on time, he would eat me. I tell you! However, with doctor my essay service, I met the deadline, and I am still alive.

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customer #12692
Philosophy, 5 pages
Report
August 5, 2021
    

Your service is excellent! Convenient and not expensive. Thanks for that!

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customer #10923
Psychology, 4 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

If you have problems with time management, just like me, you need to cooperate with Doctor My Essay. Once you registered and made the order, you understand how easier it makes your life! Everything is online: ordering, communication… You can control the process everywhere and be sure that an expert will provide a high-level paper.

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customer #17823
Business, 8 pages

Calculate the price of your order

550 words
We'll send you the first draft for approval by September 11, 2018 at 10:52 AM
Total price:
$26
The price is based on these factors:
Academic level
Number of pages
Urgency
Basic features
  • Free title page and bibliography
  • Unlimited revisions
  • Plagiarism-free guarantee
  • Money-back guarantee
  • 24/7 support
On-demand options
  • Writer’s samples
  • Part-by-part delivery
  • Overnight delivery
  • Copies of used sources
  • Expert Proofreading
Paper format
  • 275 words per page
  • 12 pt Arial/Times New Roman
  • Double line spacing
  • Any citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard)

Our guarantees

Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.

Money-back guarantee

You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.

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Zero-plagiarism guarantee

Each paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.

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Free-revision policy

Thanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.

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