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Stage 4: ba & sr system recommendation and summary & conclusion

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 Please take a look at the attachments. In the attachment stage 3, please add on stage 4 information. Please follow the format for Stage 4 attachment requirements. All information provided will aide in completing the assignment posted. Including information below regarding SaaS implementation. 

Solution

          

Differentiating Between Commercial Off-the-Shelf Software (COTS) and SaaS Solutions

   

Up to this point, we have been using the term commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) to include software-as-a-service (SaaS)  solutions. COTS is most-often used to refer to applications that are  purchased and installed at the user location, either on a personal  computer or on a server for multiple individuals to use. This includes  such familiar purchased software as word processing or spreadsheet  applications. Some COTS solutions come with vendor maintenance and  updates, while others require an additional payment to be made for an  upgraded version. Once the organization purchases a COTS solution, the  vendor’s involvement in the day-to-day operation is nonexistent.

   

A SaaS solution, on the other hand, is usually leased or  subscribed to by the customer, and the software is owned by the vendor,  runs on the vendor’s hardware, and is accessed via the internet as a  “service.”  Microsoft is now providing its office applications as a  service via Office 365 for Business, which is provided as a subscription  service rather than a purchased download. In that instance, it becomes a  SaaS application. Even though it is a COTS product, the way it is  delivered to the end user via the internet, along with ongoing service  and maintenance from the vendor, makes it a SaaS solution. Other  well-known SaaS products are SalesForce (customer relationships  management system), Amazon Web Services (eCommerce platform), and  DocuSign (electronic signature services). For SaaS solutions, the vendor  is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the system, for the  ongoing operation and maintenance of the system, for protecting the  sensitive business data housed in the system, for upgrading and  enhancing the system, and for providing training and support. Usually  all that is required at the customer location is an internet connection  and end-user devices to connect to the system.

   

Unique Considerations for Selecting a SaaS Solution

   

When a SaaS solution is being considered, a primary aspect is  that the relationship with the vendor is very different from a solution  that is hosted on-site at the organization. A long-term relationship is  established with the vendor beginning with the lease or subscription to  the system. The customer becomes reliant upon the vendor for all the  services listed above.

   

Since the system is not purchased (instead, the customers are  “renting” or “leasing” the software and services), the customer will  make monthly or annual payments for its use; these can either be a set  amount or can fluctuate depending on the actual use of the system. A  Service Level Agreement (SLA) is used to document the responsibilities  and commitments of the vendor and the customer. Most vendors of SaaS  solutions have an SLA already developed for their customers; this should  be studied thoroughly, and changes negotiated if necessary, prior to  the customer signing up for the services.

   

One big consideration is that the system is operated at the  vendor’s location. It is much more likely that a vendor supporting  multiple customers can achieve a higher level of security for the system  than an individual organization. The vendor has the combined resources  to hire and retain security experts to manage the system, the hardware,  the network, and the facility. Many SaaS vendors have implemented a  distributed system so that hardware, software, and databases are housed  at multiple locations; many vendors provide “hot backup” meaning that  the database is replicated elsewhere so that if one database or system  is unavailable, there is an automatic switch to the replicated database.  SaaS vendors also can afford to offer quick recovery at a much lower  cost than is available to an individual organization. They are also much  more likely to have physical security measures in place to protect the  data center, including fire suppression, surveillance, access security,  and guards.

   

Since SaaS solutions depend on use of the internet to connect  users to the application or system, the following should also be  considered:

  • the availability and speed of the internet connection;
  • protection of proprietary or personal information transmitted via the internet; and
  • location of the system. Some government systems are required to be hosted within the United States, and not overseas.

   

Identifying COTS/SaaS Solutions

   

Over the past decades, COTS and SaaS solutions have proven to  be viable models for acquiring software. SaaS is now a mature model  that can be relied upon if a vendor is selected based on a deliberate  evaluation and selection process. There are many sources for locating a  vendor, including technical journals, industry survey, vendor  advertisements, advisory or consultancy services, and even internet  searches.  An organization would be wise to identify a few solutions  that appear to meet their needs and then conduct a detailed evaluation  of each one. It is important to identify solutions that align with  achieving the business strategy, improve the process(es), and meet the  requirements.

   

Evaluating COTS/SaaS Solutions

   

In evaluating a COTS or SaaS solution, four major factors are  involved: user requirements, system performance requirements (system  quality and security requirements), the vendor, and cost. The method for  evaluating each of these is discussed below.

   

Most SaaS vendors provide access to a “free” trial version of  their system. During the product evaluation period, the trial version  can be used to determine the basic functionality and performance of the  system.  This version of the software is used for marketing purposes and  may not exactly represent how the software would function in a specific  situation. Some vendors may offer to provide access to a more robust  version of their system in order to allow further testing and  evaluation. An organization should try out the software for itself and  not rely on vendor demonstrations, which can be set up to appear to  provide functionality and ease of use that is actually not part of the  system.

   

User Requirements

   

The first step in evaluating a COTS/SaaS solution is to address the user requirements and answer the following questions:

  • How closely do the capabilities and functions of the solution meet the requirements?
  • Conversely,  are there a lot of extra “bells and whistles” that the organization  does not need or would not use, but add to the cost and complexity of  the system?
  • How closely does the application package fit the  process used by the organization? If the solution is implemented, would  the organization be able to use it for their process? Will the business  process need to change significantly, requiring additional training and  other organizational changes? Would the changes in the process used by  the vendor’s solution actually help improve the business process? The  more the business process has to adapt to the system, the less likely  the system is to be accepted by the users. If significant differences  exist between the system and the process in use, and major changes are  required to the off-the-shelf system, the cost, complexity, and risk may  well outweigh any benefits of the COTS solution. However, if the  organization is seeking to improve its business processes, COTS/SaaS  solutions often implement optimized business processes in the software, a  benefit for the organizations that implement them.
  • How much  configuration or customization will be needed to put the COTS system  into use?  Some COTS products allow or require extensive configuration  or customization in order to make the system useful to any organization.  Others require minimal configuration to set the system up for use in a  specific organization. These activities are major determinants of  initial cost and implementation time, and add to the ongoing maintenance  costs.  
    • Configuration is functionality that can be created using built-in workflow tools and templates that come with the product.
    • Customization  is functionality that is added to or replaces functionality as provided  by the vendor. There is no guarantee that customizations will be  compatible with future upgrades, and they can be extremely costly to  maintain over time.  
  • How much and what data will need to be migrated to the new  application/system? How easily can that be accomplished and at what  cost? The organization likely has information that supports the process  for which a system is being sought, and that information will most  likely need to be imported into the new system. If the data is already  in electronic form (in a spreadsheet or database), the migration of that  data should be accommodated. However, if data is in paper form,  decisions will need to be made about how much of the existing data is to  be manually entered into the system, and in what form it will be  entered.

   

Migrating data into a new system can be very time consuming  and costly, so these are important considerations for the organization.

   

System Performance Requirements

   

Next, the quality of the COTS/SaaS solution is evaluated  answering the following types of questions regarding the attributes of  the system (which are specified as system performance requirements):

  • Usability—Can new users quickly adapt to the software?  How easy is the system to use, and how is help provided for the users?  Does the vendor provide training? Is online help provided in the system?  Is user support provided (e.g., a help desk or documentation)?
  • Scalability—Can  the system accommodate the anticipated number of eventual users and/or  records/transactions? Can it be scaled back if there are actually fewer  users or transactions?
  • Availability—Will the system be  available for use when needed? If there is any anticipated maintenance  downtime, is that compatible with the organization’s needs?
  • Reliability—Does the system create and maintain the data correctly?  
  • Maintainability—What is the vendor’s approach to maintenance and how often are updates applied? How quickly can corrections be implemented?
  • Performance—Is  the system able to meet response time requirements? Is it able to  handle the volume of the expected workload (or number of transactions)?
  • Portability—Does  the system run or operate on the types of end-user devices and  operating systems that the organization uses or anticipates using?
  • Interoperability—Is the system capable of exchanging data with any required legacy (existing) system?  
  • Security—What  security protections are provided by the vendor? What security steps  are needed within the organization? How is the system protected from  malicious or accidental actions? How will users authenticate to the  system and be authorized to perform functions and/or access data? Does  the system effectively prevent unauthorized access and prevent  unauthorized ability to change data? How is data protected as it is  transmitted and when it is stored? Does the system keep a log of who  logged in, when they logged in, what information they accessed and what  changes they made?  What data backup and recovery is provided by the  vendor? The answers to these questions will help determine whether the  system provides adequate security.

   

Vendor Ability

   

The vendor’s ability to support the organization and provide  the services needed is a third area of consideration. The organization  should do its due diligence and consider the financial stability of the  vendor and look at such things as how long they have been in business,  how robust their customer support is, and their industry reputation. The  number of paying customers and the length of time they have been with  the SaaS vendor is a good indication of the quality of the software and  the vendor’s services. In evaluating a SaaS vendor, it is a good idea to  check with some of their customers to learn about their experience with  the SaaS. The organization needs to ensure the vendor will be able  support it for some time to come. Keep in mind that once the  organization signs up, the expectation is that there will be a long-term  relationship—the organization does not want to keep changing its SaaS  software and vendor, and the vendor will want to keep the organization  as a long-term customer providing recurring revenue. At the end of the  day, the organization is responsible for the use of the system as it  impacts their employees and customers. Although the vendor owns and  hosts the system, the reputation of the organization can be at risk if  issues arise and are not properly addressed.

   

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

   

The fourth area of consideration is the cost of the COTS/SaaS  solution. In determining how a system is to be acquired and/or which  system is to be acquired, the organization must consider the total cost  of ownership (TCO) of the solution. The TCO for each alternative can be  estimated in order to make comparisons. This concept is something we are  very familiar with when we are making a major purchase in our daily  lives. In general terms, the total cost of ownership (TCO) is the  sum of all costs associated with an acquisition that will accumulate  over the life of the asset. One of the personal acquisitions for which  we use the TCO is the purchase of a new car. Clearly, the purchase price  is not the only consideration. Today, automakers recognize the  importance of the TCO to their customers; in their advertising, they  talk about gas mileage, resale value, length of warranty, free servicing  over some period of time, and special financing terms.

   

The table below identifies the cost categories of an IT TCO.   Although there are several ways of categorizing and listing the costs,  this list contains some of the often overlooked and crucial costs that  are important to understand. The specifics of how the categories apply  to a SaaS solution are also provided.

    Cost Categories of an IT TCO Cost Categories Description Costs as Applied to SaaS Solution acquisition
 The costs of acquiring IT assets: the lease, purchase, or  subscription cost of hardware and software, including research, travel,  freight, and tax; and/or the cost of developing the software from  scratch.
 

Lease or subscription costs for software and system (SaaS vendor).

Purchase or lease of end-user hardware devices (PCs, tablets, printers, etc.).

communications
 The cost of all communications, including network costs, wiring, service provider fees, communications hardware, and software.
 Initial setup costs of Internet Service Provider (ISP) and ongoing monthly charges.
 security
 The costs of ensuring security of the IT infrastructure and data,  including security software, usage monitoring, and facility security  costs.
 

Most security services provided by vendor, documented in the SLA.

End-user policies and device protection are the responsibility of the customer organization.

installation
 The costs of making IT assets operational; could include building  modifications, increased cooling requirements, and increased utility  capacity at the datacenter.
 Responsibility of the vendor.
 configuration
 The costs associated with COTS or SaaS software to set it up to  function correctly within the organization; using built-in tools such as  workflow, report layout, terminology and/or organizational logo.
 Costs to configure SaaS to function for the organization (e.g., workflow, reports, terminology, logo).
 customization
 The costs of making changes to the COTS or SaaS software that are  unique to the organization. The ongoing cost of maintaining these  changes over time and testing future upgrades must be considered as  well.   
 Costs to make changes to the software for the specific customer; may cause additional cost for maintenance.
 testing
 The costs of preparing test cases and using the system to determine  whether it is functioning properly and meets the requirements. Also  includes the costs of recording deficiencies and re-testing when changes  are made.
 Costs generally are limited to the customer creating and using test  cases to ensure the system works as needed. This is very different from  using a demonstration or “free trial” system before selection; it is  testing the actual system after it is configured and is operational for  the customer.
 support
 The cost of keeping the infrastructure functioning as planned; could  include a help desk, hardware technicians, telecommunications  specialists, programmers, and maintenance support staff.
 Most costs borne by vendor. There may be an additional charge for  user help-desk support or technical support, or it may be included in  the monthly/annual fee.
 maintenance
 The cost of keeping IT assets current and in a condition that can  meet their planned functions; includes updates and enhancements as well  as fixes for problems; could include maintenance contracts, programmers,  and telecommunications specialists.
 These costs are borne by the vendor. The customer pays a monthly/annual fee for ongoing service and system maintenance.
 coordination costs
 The costs related to keeping the infrastructure tuned to maintain  optimal performance when changes to an infrastructure element are  required
 These costs are borne by the vendor.
 disaster recovery
 The costs of ensuring continued operation of the infrastructure,  including maintenance of a current plan, cost of backup sites and  equipment, costs of emergency power, and costs of practice exercises.
 Most of these costs are borne by the vendor (if the vendor provides  disaster recovery services) since the vendor is responsible for its  hardware, software and internet access; but the organization is  responsible for its own infrastructure (end-user devices, internet  access, local power, etc.).
 organizational change management
 Any costs associated with organizational changes resulting from  implementation of the system; includes such things as consolidating  departments, establishing new groups or responsibilities, reorganizing  or reassigning personnel.
 Always a customer cost.
 data migration
 The costs of determining what existing data (either in electronic or  paper form) would need to be entered into the system to get started,  and entering that data.
 

The customer must bear the cost of determining what existing data (electronic or paper) is to be entered into the system.

The cost of entering the data is borne by the customer; sometimes the vendor is willing to assist for a fee.

SaaS solutions generally offer many of these categories of  service as part of their initial fee and/or the ongoing maintenance fee.  All must be taken into consideration when developing the TCO.

   

Making the Selection

   

In the end, a cost-benefit analysis can be used to determine  which solution best meets the needs of the organization. All four  factors discussed above must be considered, with the organization  determining which of them is most important or which combination of the  factors best suits that organization, considering any specific needs,  such as security of highly sensitive data, particular functionality that  must be present, controlling costs, etc.

   

Implementing the System

   

Implementation of a COTS or a SaaS solution is a major  project for the organization. A system owner and a project team should  be designated, and best practices for IT project management should be  employed. A project plan for implementing a SaaS solution should include  the following steps:

  • Establish the vendor agreement, contract or SLA; a mechanism  needs to be put in place to give the organization access to the system,  identify responsibilities of the vendor and the customer, and lay out  initial and ongoing costs.
  • Acquire the end-user hardware and  telecommunications, if necessary, and/or validate the capability of  existing hardware and telecommunications to access and use the system.
  • Configure  the system for use in the organization; identify what needs to be done  to implement the organization’s desired workflow, reports, terminology,  logo, etc.; identify who will configure the system and how it will be  done, and whether there is any additional cost.
  • Develop a plan  for User Acceptance Testing (UAT), and test the configured system to  ensure requirements are met and that it is functioning correctly,  including use of any user support tools or services provided. The UAT  plan explains how each requirement will be specifically tested to ensure  it is working properly and the requirement is met. For example, if the  requirement is that the system determine the customer’s city and state  based on the zip code entered, then a zip code would be entered into the  system and the result would be checked to ensure the correct city and  state were provided.
  • Apprise the employees of what is taking  place and why, and make any organizational or process changes that are  needed. Leaders of the organization need to be involved as sponsors and  coaches to encourage system adoption and use, and they should employ  change management techniques to ensure a smooth transition.
  • Train administrative personnel in their role(s) for supporting the system.
  • Conduct user training.
  • Migrate  the data needed to operate the system; determine how this will be done  (electronically, manually, etc.), who will do it, how long it will take,  and what it will cost.
  • Oversee operations to ensure continued  end-user support and system maintenance are performed by the vendor  according to the SLA; identify any need for support or maintenance by  the organization itself, such as hardware and software upgrade for  end-user devices, a local help desk, etc.

   

Using a comprehensive project plan as laid out above will  help ensure a successful implementation and ongoing support for the new  system.

            
 

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July 1, 2023
    

Question 1 of 40
z = 1.8 for Ha: µ > claimed value. What is the P-value for the test?  
A. 0.9641
B. 3.59
C. 96.41
D. 0.0359
Question 2 of 40
A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment manufacturer, located in Omaha, feels the estimate is too low for households in Omaha. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion with lawn mowers in Omaha is higher than 65%. Among 497 randomly selected homes in Omaha, 340 had one or more lawn mowers. Use Table 5.1 to find the best answer.
A. 0.0559
B. 0.1118
C. 0.0252
D. 0.0505
Question 3 of 40
A right-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the following z-scores is the smallest one in absolute value that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?  
A. 1.61
B. 1.85
C. -1.98
D. -2.06
Question 4 of 40
A study of a brand of “in the shell peanuts” gives the following results:
A significant event at the 0.01 level is a fan getting a bag with how many peanuts?
A. 30 peanuts
B. 25 or 30 peanuts
C. 25 or 55 peanuts
D. 25 peanuts
Question 5 of 40
The principal of a middle school claims that annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at his school vary more than the annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school, which have variation described by s = $13,700. Assume that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion of the test was to reject the null hypothesis. Identify the population to which the results of the test apply.
A. The current seventh graders at the principal’s school
B. Seventh graders’ families at the school with a standard deviation of $13,700
C. All of the families of the class of seventh graders at the principal’s school
D. All seventh graders’ families
Question 6 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
A. Greater than or equal to 0.10
B. Less than or equal to 0.05
C. Less than or equal to 0.10
D. Greater than or equal to 0.05
Question 7 of 40
A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean amount of juice in a 16
ounce bottled drink is not 16 ounces, as stated by the bottler.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ < 16 ounces
B. H0: µ ¹ 16 ounces Ha: µ = 16 ounces
C. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ > 16 ounces
D. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ ¹ 16 ounces
Question 8 of 40
A long-distance telephone company claims that the mean duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was greater than 9.4 minutes, which is the average for the state. Determine the conclusion of the hypothesis test assuming that the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is less than 9.4 minutes.
B. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
C. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is equal to 9.4 minutes.
D. Conclusion: Do not support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
Question 9 of 40
A consumer group claims that the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery is not the same as the manufacturer’s claims. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ < Manufacturer’s claims
B. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims
C. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ > Manufacturer’s claims
D. H0: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ = Manufacturer’s claims
Question 10 of 40
In 1990, the average duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was 9.4 minutes. A long-distance telephone company wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average duration of long-distance phone calls has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes. The mean duration for a random sample of 50 calls originating in the town was 8.6 minutes. Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean call duration, µ, is different from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.01. Assume that s = 4.8 minutes.
A. With a z of -1.2 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean
value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
B. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude
that the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
C. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that
the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
D. With a z of –1.2 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the
mean value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.

Question 11 of 40
A researcher claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets have a mean different from the 600 mg claimed by the manufacturer. Test this claim at the 0.02 level of significance. The mean acetaminophen content for a random sample of n = 41 tablets is 603.3 mg. Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.9 mg.
A. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is 600 mg.
B. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
C. Since the test statistic is less than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
D. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
Question 12 of 40
A poll of 1,068 adult Americans reveals that 52% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that more than half of all voters prefer the Democrat.
A. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
C. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
Question 13 of 40
A manufacturer claims that the mean amount of juice in its 16 ounce bottles is 16.1 ounces. A consumer advocacy group wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean amount is actually less than this. The mean volume of juice for a random sample of 70 bottles was 15.94 ounces. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice for all 16-ounce bottles, µ, is less than 16.1 ounces? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.10. Assume that s = 0.9 ounces.  
A. The z of - 1.49 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
B. The z of - 1.49 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
C. The z of - 0.1778 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
D. The z of - 0.1778 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
Question 14 of 40
In the past, the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery has been 9.8 hours. The manufacturer has introduced a change in the production method and wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean running time has increased as a result. The hypotheses are:
H0 : µ = 9.8 hours
Ha : µ > 9.8 hours
Suppose that the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion as a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision, if in fact the mean running time has not increased.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Correct decision
D. Can not be determined from this information
Question 15 of 40
The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at home games is over 3000, and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
B. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is equal to 3000.
C. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
D. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less than 3000.
Question 16 of 40
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
A. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p > 0.001
B. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p < 0.001
C. H0: p > 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
D. H0: p < 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
Question 17 of 40
At one school, the mean amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased.
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
A. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ ¹ 18.4 hours
B. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
C. Ho: µ ³ 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
D. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ > 18.4 hours
Question 18 of 40
without computing a P-value, determine whether the alternate hypothesis is supported and give a reason for your conclusion.
A. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
B. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.
C. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
D. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.

Question 19 of 40
A psychologist claims that more than 29 percent of the professional population suffers from problems due to extreme shyness. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is less than 29 percent.
B. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
C. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is equal to 29 percent.
D. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
Question 20 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the z-scores below is the smallest one that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?
A. 1.12
B. 1.48
C. 1.84
D. 2.15

Question 21 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 4.613, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Do not Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Do not Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 22 of 40
A large test statistic F tells us that the sample means __________ the data within the individual samples, which would be unlikely if the populations means really were equal (as the null hypothesis claims).
A. differ more than
B. differ less than
C. are equal to
D. do not vary with
Question 23 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 24.8. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 4.8
D. 5.0

Question 24 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 3.427, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Do not reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Do not reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 25 of 40
The margin of error in estimating the population mean of a normal population is E = 9.3 when the sample size is 15. If the sample size had been 18 and the sample standard deviation did not change, would the margin of error be larger or smaller than 9.3? Explain your answer.
A. Smaller. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
B. Smaller. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
C. Larger. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
D. Larger. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.

Question 26 of 40
The following data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
A B C
34 27 19
26 23 31
31 29 22
28 21 22
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the groups A, B, and C are independent.
B. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population means of the three groups are equal.
C. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population variances of the three groups are equal.
D. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the sample means of the three groups are equal.
Question 27 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
B. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
C. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
D. The p distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the sample mean whenever the sample size is small.
Question 28 of 40
The __________ test statistic is for the one-way analysis of variance.
A. P-Value
B. t
C. F
D. p
Question 29 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
B. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
C. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
D. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
Question 30 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
If gender and colorblindness are independent, find the expected values corresponding to the four combinations of gender and colorblindness, and enter them in the following table along with row and column totals.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male
Female
Total
A. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 54.0
B. Male Colorblind 7.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
C. Male Colorblind 8.0; Male Not Colorblind 52.0
D. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
Question 31 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the information above.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 32 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 170 yards when hit with his 6-iron with a club head speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 12 times at the required speed. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.
A. H0: µ > 170; Ha: µ = 170
B. H0: µ < 170; Ha: µ = 170
C. H0: µ = 170; Ha: µ > 170
D. H0: µ = 160; Ha: µ > 160

Question 33 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 180 yards when hit with his 5-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 7 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 184.2 yards and a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below.
Area in one tail
0.025 0.05
Area in two tails
Degrees of
Freedom
n - 1 0.05 0.10
6 2.447 1.943
7 2.365 1.895
8 2.306 1.860
9 2.262 1.833
A. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.

Question 34 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the test associated with this data.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 35 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 17.6 < µ < 23.6. What is the margin of error?
A. 2.0
B. 2.7
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

Question 36 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
Find the value of the X2 statistic for the data above.
A. 1.325
B. 1.318
C. 1.286
D. 1.264
            None of the above answer choices is correct. This has been a chronic issue
            with this problem set.
Question 37 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 160 yards when hit with his 7-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 8 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 163.2 yards with a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below to solve this problem.
A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient
evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data does provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
C. t= 1.2334; Critical value = 1.992
D. Insufficient information to answer this question.
Question 38 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 25.2. What is the margin of error?
A. 3.9
B. 4.8
C. 4.9
D. 3.7
Question 39 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 13.2 < µ < 22.4. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.6
B. 4.4
C. 4.2
D. 5.6
Question 40 of 40
A simple random sample from a normal distribution is taken in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. If the sample size is 8, the sample mean x̄ is 22, and the sample standard deviation s is 6.3, what is the margin of error? Show your answer to 2 decimal places.
A. df = 7; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
B. df = 8; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
C. df = 6; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.769
D. df = 7; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.869

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July 1, 2023
    

Question 1 of 40
z = 1.8 for Ha: µ > claimed value. What is the P-value for the test?  
A. 0.9641
B. 3.59
C. 96.41
D. 0.0359
Question 2 of 40
A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment manufacturer, located in Omaha, feels the estimate is too low for households in Omaha. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion with lawn mowers in Omaha is higher than 65%. Among 497 randomly selected homes in Omaha, 340 had one or more lawn mowers. Use Table 5.1 to find the best answer.
A. 0.0559
B. 0.1118
C. 0.0252
D. 0.0505
Question 3 of 40
A right-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the following z-scores is the smallest one in absolute value that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?  
A. 1.61
B. 1.85
C. -1.98
D. -2.06
Question 4 of 40
A study of a brand of “in the shell peanuts” gives the following results:
A significant event at the 0.01 level is a fan getting a bag with how many peanuts?
A. 30 peanuts
B. 25 or 30 peanuts
C. 25 or 55 peanuts
D. 25 peanuts
Question 5 of 40
The principal of a middle school claims that annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at his school vary more than the annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school, which have variation described by s = $13,700. Assume that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion of the test was to reject the null hypothesis. Identify the population to which the results of the test apply.
A. The current seventh graders at the principal’s school
B. Seventh graders’ families at the school with a standard deviation of $13,700
C. All of the families of the class of seventh graders at the principal’s school
D. All seventh graders’ families
Question 6 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
A. Greater than or equal to 0.10
B. Less than or equal to 0.05
C. Less than or equal to 0.10
D. Greater than or equal to 0.05
Question 7 of 40
A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean amount of juice in a 16
ounce bottled drink is not 16 ounces, as stated by the bottler.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ < 16 ounces
B. H0: µ ¹ 16 ounces Ha: µ = 16 ounces
C. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ > 16 ounces
D. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ ¹ 16 ounces
Question 8 of 40
A long-distance telephone company claims that the mean duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was greater than 9.4 minutes, which is the average for the state. Determine the conclusion of the hypothesis test assuming that the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is less than 9.4 minutes.
B. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
C. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is equal to 9.4 minutes.
D. Conclusion: Do not support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
Question 9 of 40
A consumer group claims that the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery is not the same as the manufacturer’s claims. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ < Manufacturer’s claims
B. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims
C. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ > Manufacturer’s claims
D. H0: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ = Manufacturer’s claims
Question 10 of 40
In 1990, the average duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was 9.4 minutes. A long-distance telephone company wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average duration of long-distance phone calls has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes. The mean duration for a random sample of 50 calls originating in the town was 8.6 minutes. Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean call duration, µ, is different from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.01. Assume that s = 4.8 minutes.
A. With a z of -1.2 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean
value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
B. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude
that the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
C. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that
the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
D. With a z of –1.2 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the
mean value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.

Question 11 of 40
A researcher claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets have a mean different from the 600 mg claimed by the manufacturer. Test this claim at the 0.02 level of significance. The mean acetaminophen content for a random sample of n = 41 tablets is 603.3 mg. Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.9 mg.
A. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is 600 mg.
B. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
C. Since the test statistic is less than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
D. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
Question 12 of 40
A poll of 1,068 adult Americans reveals that 52% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that more than half of all voters prefer the Democrat.
A. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
C. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
Question 13 of 40
A manufacturer claims that the mean amount of juice in its 16 ounce bottles is 16.1 ounces. A consumer advocacy group wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean amount is actually less than this. The mean volume of juice for a random sample of 70 bottles was 15.94 ounces. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice for all 16-ounce bottles, µ, is less than 16.1 ounces? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.10. Assume that s = 0.9 ounces.  
A. The z of - 1.49 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
B. The z of - 1.49 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
C. The z of - 0.1778 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
D. The z of - 0.1778 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
Question 14 of 40
In the past, the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery has been 9.8 hours. The manufacturer has introduced a change in the production method and wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean running time has increased as a result. The hypotheses are:
H0 : µ = 9.8 hours
Ha : µ > 9.8 hours
Suppose that the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion as a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision, if in fact the mean running time has not increased.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Correct decision
D. Can not be determined from this information
Question 15 of 40
The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at home games is over 3000, and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
B. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is equal to 3000.
C. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
D. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less than 3000.
Question 16 of 40
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
A. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p > 0.001
B. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p < 0.001
C. H0: p > 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
D. H0: p < 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
Question 17 of 40
At one school, the mean amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased.
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
A. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ ¹ 18.4 hours
B. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
C. Ho: µ ³ 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
D. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ > 18.4 hours
Question 18 of 40
without computing a P-value, determine whether the alternate hypothesis is supported and give a reason for your conclusion.
A. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
B. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.
C. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
D. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.

Question 19 of 40
A psychologist claims that more than 29 percent of the professional population suffers from problems due to extreme shyness. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is less than 29 percent.
B. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
C. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is equal to 29 percent.
D. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
Question 20 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the z-scores below is the smallest one that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?
A. 1.12
B. 1.48
C. 1.84
D. 2.15

Question 21 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 4.613, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Do not Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Do not Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 22 of 40
A large test statistic F tells us that the sample means __________ the data within the individual samples, which would be unlikely if the populations means really were equal (as the null hypothesis claims).
A. differ more than
B. differ less than
C. are equal to
D. do not vary with
Question 23 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 24.8. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 4.8
D. 5.0

Question 24 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 3.427, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Do not reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Do not reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 25 of 40
The margin of error in estimating the population mean of a normal population is E = 9.3 when the sample size is 15. If the sample size had been 18 and the sample standard deviation did not change, would the margin of error be larger or smaller than 9.3? Explain your answer.
A. Smaller. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
B. Smaller. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
C. Larger. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
D. Larger. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.

Question 26 of 40
The following data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
A B C
34 27 19
26 23 31
31 29 22
28 21 22
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the groups A, B, and C are independent.
B. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population means of the three groups are equal.
C. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population variances of the three groups are equal.
D. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the sample means of the three groups are equal.
Question 27 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
B. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
C. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
D. The p distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the sample mean whenever the sample size is small.
Question 28 of 40
The __________ test statistic is for the one-way analysis of variance.
A. P-Value
B. t
C. F
D. p
Question 29 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
B. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
C. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
D. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
Question 30 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
If gender and colorblindness are independent, find the expected values corresponding to the four combinations of gender and colorblindness, and enter them in the following table along with row and column totals.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male
Female
Total
A. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 54.0
B. Male Colorblind 7.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
C. Male Colorblind 8.0; Male Not Colorblind 52.0
D. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
Question 31 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the information above.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 32 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 170 yards when hit with his 6-iron with a club head speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 12 times at the required speed. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.
A. H0: µ > 170; Ha: µ = 170
B. H0: µ < 170; Ha: µ = 170
C. H0: µ = 170; Ha: µ > 170
D. H0: µ = 160; Ha: µ > 160

Question 33 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 180 yards when hit with his 5-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 7 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 184.2 yards and a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below.
Area in one tail
0.025 0.05
Area in two tails
Degrees of
Freedom
n - 1 0.05 0.10
6 2.447 1.943
7 2.365 1.895
8 2.306 1.860
9 2.262 1.833
A. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.

Question 34 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the test associated with this data.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 35 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 17.6 < µ < 23.6. What is the margin of error?
A. 2.0
B. 2.7
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

Question 36 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
Find the value of the X2 statistic for the data above.
A. 1.325
B. 1.318
C. 1.286
D. 1.264
            None of the above answer choices is correct. This has been a chronic issue
            with this problem set.
Question 37 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 160 yards when hit with his 7-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 8 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 163.2 yards with a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below to solve this problem.
A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient
evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data does provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
C. t= 1.2334; Critical value = 1.992
D. Insufficient information to answer this question.
Question 38 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 25.2. What is the margin of error?
A. 3.9
B. 4.8
C. 4.9
D. 3.7
Question 39 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 13.2 < µ < 22.4. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.6
B. 4.4
C. 4.2
D. 5.6
Question 40 of 40
A simple random sample from a normal distribution is taken in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. If the sample size is 8, the sample mean x̄ is 22, and the sample standard deviation s is 6.3, what is the margin of error? Show your answer to 2 decimal places.
A. df = 7; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
B. df = 8; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
C. df = 6; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.769
D. df = 7; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.869

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July 1, 2023
    

Question 1 of 40
z = 1.8 for Ha: µ > claimed value. What is the P-value for the test?  
A. 0.9641
B. 3.59
C. 96.41
D. 0.0359
Question 2 of 40
A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment manufacturer, located in Omaha, feels the estimate is too low for households in Omaha. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion with lawn mowers in Omaha is higher than 65%. Among 497 randomly selected homes in Omaha, 340 had one or more lawn mowers. Use Table 5.1 to find the best answer.
A. 0.0559
B. 0.1118
C. 0.0252
D. 0.0505
Question 3 of 40
A right-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the following z-scores is the smallest one in absolute value that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?  
A. 1.61
B. 1.85
C. -1.98
D. -2.06
Question 4 of 40
A study of a brand of “in the shell peanuts” gives the following results:
A significant event at the 0.01 level is a fan getting a bag with how many peanuts?
A. 30 peanuts
B. 25 or 30 peanuts
C. 25 or 55 peanuts
D. 25 peanuts
Question 5 of 40
The principal of a middle school claims that annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at his school vary more than the annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school, which have variation described by s = $13,700. Assume that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion of the test was to reject the null hypothesis. Identify the population to which the results of the test apply.
A. The current seventh graders at the principal’s school
B. Seventh graders’ families at the school with a standard deviation of $13,700
C. All of the families of the class of seventh graders at the principal’s school
D. All seventh graders’ families
Question 6 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
A. Greater than or equal to 0.10
B. Less than or equal to 0.05
C. Less than or equal to 0.10
D. Greater than or equal to 0.05
Question 7 of 40
A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean amount of juice in a 16
ounce bottled drink is not 16 ounces, as stated by the bottler.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ < 16 ounces
B. H0: µ ¹ 16 ounces Ha: µ = 16 ounces
C. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ > 16 ounces
D. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ ¹ 16 ounces
Question 8 of 40
A long-distance telephone company claims that the mean duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was greater than 9.4 minutes, which is the average for the state. Determine the conclusion of the hypothesis test assuming that the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is less than 9.4 minutes.
B. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
C. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is equal to 9.4 minutes.
D. Conclusion: Do not support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
Question 9 of 40
A consumer group claims that the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery is not the same as the manufacturer’s claims. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ < Manufacturer’s claims
B. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims
C. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ > Manufacturer’s claims
D. H0: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ = Manufacturer’s claims
Question 10 of 40
In 1990, the average duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was 9.4 minutes. A long-distance telephone company wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average duration of long-distance phone calls has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes. The mean duration for a random sample of 50 calls originating in the town was 8.6 minutes. Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean call duration, µ, is different from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.01. Assume that s = 4.8 minutes.
A. With a z of -1.2 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean
value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
B. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude
that the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
C. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that
the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
D. With a z of –1.2 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the
mean value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.

Question 11 of 40
A researcher claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets have a mean different from the 600 mg claimed by the manufacturer. Test this claim at the 0.02 level of significance. The mean acetaminophen content for a random sample of n = 41 tablets is 603.3 mg. Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.9 mg.
A. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is 600 mg.
B. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
C. Since the test statistic is less than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
D. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
Question 12 of 40
A poll of 1,068 adult Americans reveals that 52% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that more than half of all voters prefer the Democrat.
A. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
C. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
Question 13 of 40
A manufacturer claims that the mean amount of juice in its 16 ounce bottles is 16.1 ounces. A consumer advocacy group wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean amount is actually less than this. The mean volume of juice for a random sample of 70 bottles was 15.94 ounces. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice for all 16-ounce bottles, µ, is less than 16.1 ounces? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.10. Assume that s = 0.9 ounces.  
A. The z of - 1.49 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
B. The z of - 1.49 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
C. The z of - 0.1778 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
D. The z of - 0.1778 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
Question 14 of 40
In the past, the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery has been 9.8 hours. The manufacturer has introduced a change in the production method and wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean running time has increased as a result. The hypotheses are:
H0 : µ = 9.8 hours
Ha : µ > 9.8 hours
Suppose that the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion as a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision, if in fact the mean running time has not increased.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Correct decision
D. Can not be determined from this information
Question 15 of 40
The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at home games is over 3000, and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
B. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is equal to 3000.
C. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
D. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less than 3000.
Question 16 of 40
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
A. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p > 0.001
B. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p < 0.001
C. H0: p > 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
D. H0: p < 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
Question 17 of 40
At one school, the mean amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased.
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
A. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ ¹ 18.4 hours
B. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
C. Ho: µ ³ 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
D. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ > 18.4 hours
Question 18 of 40
without computing a P-value, determine whether the alternate hypothesis is supported and give a reason for your conclusion.
A. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
B. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.
C. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
D. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.

Question 19 of 40
A psychologist claims that more than 29 percent of the professional population suffers from problems due to extreme shyness. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is less than 29 percent.
B. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
C. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is equal to 29 percent.
D. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
Question 20 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the z-scores below is the smallest one that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?
A. 1.12
B. 1.48
C. 1.84
D. 2.15

Question 21 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 4.613, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Do not Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Do not Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 22 of 40
A large test statistic F tells us that the sample means __________ the data within the individual samples, which would be unlikely if the populations means really were equal (as the null hypothesis claims).
A. differ more than
B. differ less than
C. are equal to
D. do not vary with
Question 23 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 24.8. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 4.8
D. 5.0

Question 24 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 3.427, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Do not reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Do not reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 25 of 40
The margin of error in estimating the population mean of a normal population is E = 9.3 when the sample size is 15. If the sample size had been 18 and the sample standard deviation did not change, would the margin of error be larger or smaller than 9.3? Explain your answer.
A. Smaller. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
B. Smaller. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
C. Larger. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
D. Larger. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.

Question 26 of 40
The following data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
A B C
34 27 19
26 23 31
31 29 22
28 21 22
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the groups A, B, and C are independent.
B. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population means of the three groups are equal.
C. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population variances of the three groups are equal.
D. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the sample means of the three groups are equal.
Question 27 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
B. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
C. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
D. The p distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the sample mean whenever the sample size is small.
Question 28 of 40
The __________ test statistic is for the one-way analysis of variance.
A. P-Value
B. t
C. F
D. p
Question 29 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
B. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
C. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
D. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
Question 30 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
If gender and colorblindness are independent, find the expected values corresponding to the four combinations of gender and colorblindness, and enter them in the following table along with row and column totals.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male
Female
Total
A. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 54.0
B. Male Colorblind 7.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
C. Male Colorblind 8.0; Male Not Colorblind 52.0
D. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
Question 31 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the information above.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 32 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 170 yards when hit with his 6-iron with a club head speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 12 times at the required speed. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.
A. H0: µ > 170; Ha: µ = 170
B. H0: µ < 170; Ha: µ = 170
C. H0: µ = 170; Ha: µ > 170
D. H0: µ = 160; Ha: µ > 160

Question 33 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 180 yards when hit with his 5-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 7 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 184.2 yards and a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below.
Area in one tail
0.025 0.05
Area in two tails
Degrees of
Freedom
n - 1 0.05 0.10
6 2.447 1.943
7 2.365 1.895
8 2.306 1.860
9 2.262 1.833
A. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.

Question 34 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the test associated with this data.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 35 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 17.6 < µ < 23.6. What is the margin of error?
A. 2.0
B. 2.7
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

Question 36 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
Find the value of the X2 statistic for the data above.
A. 1.325
B. 1.318
C. 1.286
D. 1.264
            None of the above answer choices is correct. This has been a chronic issue
            with this problem set.
Question 37 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 160 yards when hit with his 7-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 8 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 163.2 yards with a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below to solve this problem.
A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient
evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data does provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
C. t= 1.2334; Critical value = 1.992
D. Insufficient information to answer this question.
Question 38 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 25.2. What is the margin of error?
A. 3.9
B. 4.8
C. 4.9
D. 3.7
Question 39 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 13.2 < µ < 22.4. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.6
B. 4.4
C. 4.2
D. 5.6
Question 40 of 40
A simple random sample from a normal distribution is taken in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. If the sample size is 8, the sample mean x̄ is 22, and the sample standard deviation s is 6.3, what is the margin of error? Show your answer to 2 decimal places.
A. df = 7; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
B. df = 8; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
C. df = 6; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.769
D. df = 7; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.869

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I was convinced that paper writing services are the fiction for naive students. But when it came to my research paper that was to be composed in 72 hours, I had no other options. I made the right choice when I ordered it from you!

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customer #12924
Ethics, 4 pages
Business Plan
August 5, 2021
    

I was also satisfied with the service. Usually, I write everything by myself, but this time ( I have no idea how it happens!) I missed the deadline. My writer was very responsible, wrote the essay quickly, and kept the instructions. Nice to know that such experts exist!

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customer #15677
Marketing, 10 pages
Annotated Bibliography
August 5, 2021
    

It is really affordable! The prices start from 9$, which is an excellent proposal on the market. Recently I worked with another service that took much more money and provided lower quality papers.

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customer #11234
Sociology, 9 pages
Research proposal
August 5, 2021
    

I am absolutely satisfied. I am first timer here. Revision was made quickly, and the author met my expectations. Thanks a lot. Paper is phenomenal.

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customer #15327
Economics, 5 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

Having heard a lot of negative reviews about such services, I was a bit skeptical. However, our cooperation with Doctor My Essay was without pitfalls. I made two comments about the final work, and they re-wrote some parts very promptly. I am satisfied and will turn to them in the future.

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customer #17823
Human Resource Management, 2 pages
Research paper
August 5, 2021
    

It was my first experience in online ordering, and I was a bit nervous. However, this was for nothing. I’ve got a high mark!

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customer #12372
Public Relations, 3 pages
Dissertation
August 5, 2021
    

I understand that buying essays is a doubtful thing. You don’t put effort, don’t represent your ideas… However, I don’t perceive Doctor My Essay as a standard service. They don’t sell papers. They share high expertise!

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customer #12376
Journal article, 20 pages
Coursework
August 5, 2021
    

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customer #19266
Political Science, 6 pages
Admission Essay
August 5, 2021
    

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customer #11437
Tourism, 1 page
Discussion Essay
August 5, 2021
    

Thanks to God I found this service! If I didn’t send my research to the teacher on time, he would eat me. I tell you! However, with doctor my essay service, I met the deadline, and I am still alive.

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customer #12692
Philosophy, 5 pages
Report
August 5, 2021
    

Your service is excellent! Convenient and not expensive. Thanks for that!

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customer #10923
Psychology, 4 pages
Essay (any type)
August 5, 2021
    

If you have problems with time management, just like me, you need to cooperate with Doctor My Essay. Once you registered and made the order, you understand how easier it makes your life! Everything is online: ordering, communication… You can control the process everywhere and be sure that an expert will provide a high-level paper.

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customer #17823
Business, 8 pages

Calculate the price of your order

550 words
We'll send you the first draft for approval by September 11, 2018 at 10:52 AM
Total price:
$26
The price is based on these factors:
Academic level
Number of pages
Urgency
Basic features
  • Free title page and bibliography
  • Unlimited revisions
  • Plagiarism-free guarantee
  • Money-back guarantee
  • 24/7 support
On-demand options
  • Writer’s samples
  • Part-by-part delivery
  • Overnight delivery
  • Copies of used sources
  • Expert Proofreading
Paper format
  • 275 words per page
  • 12 pt Arial/Times New Roman
  • Double line spacing
  • Any citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Harvard)

Our guarantees

Delivering a high-quality product at a reasonable price is not enough anymore.
That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe.

Money-back guarantee

You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. This describes us perfectly. Make sure that this guarantee is totally transparent.

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Zero-plagiarism guarantee

Each paper is composed from scratch, according to your instructions. It is then checked by our plagiarism-detection software. There is no gap where plagiarism could squeeze in.

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Free-revision policy

Thanks to our free revisions, there is no way for you to be unsatisfied. We will work on your paper until you are completely happy with the result.

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Privacy policy

Your email is safe, as we store it according to international data protection rules. Your bank details are secure, as we use only reliable payment systems.

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Fair-cooperation guarantee

By sending us your money, you buy the service we provide. Check out our terms and conditions if you prefer business talks to be laid out in official language.

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