1. Which of the following is NOT a strength of observational techniques?
A. It allows you to collect actual behavioral data. 
B. It is less susceptible to recall error. 
C. It has very good generalize ability to general population. 
D. It is generally less expensive and less time consuming than some other techniques.

2. All of the following explain netnography, EXCEPT:
A. it draws on ethnographic techniques. 
B. it uses “found data” on the Internet. 
C. it requires deep engagement with particular communities. 
D. it requires researchers to collect data from traffic forums with larger numbers of common message posters.

3. Sarla Mohini wants to use projective techniques in her research. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using such techniques?
A. The interpretation of data is very complex. 
B. It is tough to get to a participant’s true thoughts using this technique. 
C. The interpretation of results is very subjective. 
D. Highly skilled (and expensive) researchers are required to conduct this research.

4. An advantage of focus groups includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. spontaneous, unrestricted group interaction among members. 
B. eliciting wide-ranging participant responses. 
C. high reliability of the results. 
D. energetic atmosphere for focus group discussions.

1. In which of the following scenarios would you most strongly recommend using quantitative research?
A. When the objective is to identify new ideas and thoughts for a product. 
B. When you have very limited time to execute the study. 
C. When the objective is to understand hidden underlying psychological processes. 
D. When the objective is to validate and estimate strength of a relationship.

2. Quantitative research methods are characterized by:
A. small samples. 
B. unstructured questions. 
C. subjective analyses. 
D. descriptive and casual designs.

3. Which of the following is an advantage of using quantitative research over qualitative research?
A. Relatively quick data collection in most cases 
B. Economical data collection 
C. High reliability 
D. Richness of the data

4. Suzanne is well-trained as a qualitative researcher. The area in which she is likely to be well trained is:
A. construct development. 
B. hypothesis testing. 
C. questionnaire design. 
D. use of projective techniques.

1. While interviewing a respondent about reasons why she doesn’t buy a particular brand of video games, an interviewer gets the following response, “This brand’s games are not sophisticated.” The interviewer asks, “What exactly do you mean by that statement? What makes a game sophisticated?” This exchange is an example of:
A. a focus group moderation. 
B. ethnography. 
C. netnography. 
D. probing question.

2. A researcher decides to use in-depth interviews over focus groups for her research study. All of the following could have motivated this decision, EXCEPT:
A. she wanted to cover richer details from each participant in the study. 
B. she wanted to lower the likelihood of getting socially desirable responses from participants. 
C. she wanted to create a situation where participants didn’t feel like they had to impress others by their responses. 
D. she wanted the participants to build upon each others’ responses.

3. Which one of the following statements about focus groups is NOT true?
A. It consists of 8 to 12 participants. 
B. If more than 12 participants do show up, all should be allowed to participate. 
C. It lasts for about 2 hours. 
D. The format of the discussion is semi-structured.

4. A focus group is:
A. an interview technique with the main objective of finding out how a subject would respond to a certain statement. 
B. a formalized process of bringing a small selected group of people together for an interactive and spontaneous discussion on one particular topic or concept. 
C. a detailed outline of the topics, questions, and sub-questions used by the moderator to lead the focus group session. 
D. the interactive procedure between the researcher and moderator discussing the subjects’ comments and/or responses to the topics that outlined the focus group session.

1. After conducting her first in-depth interview, Amanda summarizes her initial thoughts and in particular, writes down themes and ideas that may be used later in coding transcripts. This process is referred to as:
A. memoing. 
B. debriefing. 
C. netnography. 
D. ethnography.

2. Purposive sampling means:
A. selecting sample members to study because they possess attributes important to understanding the research topic. 
B. selecting sample members so that groups can be compared. 
C. selecting sample members based on earlier interviews. 
D. selecting particular types of participants to help researchers better understand the research topic.

3. A moderator’s guide is:
A. the interviewer’s ability to articulate questions in a direct and clear manner. 
B. a note attached on the back of the name cards for each participant. 
C. a detailed outline of the topics, questions, and sub questions used by the moderator to lead the focus group session. 
D. the interactive procedure, of the researcher and the moderator, discussing the subjects’ comments and/or responses to the topics that outlined the focus group session.

4. It is common to do all of the following during the beginning of a focus group session, EXCEPT:
A. participants are told that only one person should speak at a time. 
B. participants should try their best to give the right answers. 
C. participants are asked to briefly introduce themselves. 
D. participants are given some refreshments and an opportunity to engage in some small talk.

1. Debriefing is conducted during which phase of the focus group interview?
A. Planning the study 
B. Conducting the discussions 
C. Analyzing and reporting the results 
D. Identifying participants

2. Debriefing analysis is:
A. a technique that encourages research participants to share emotional and subconscious reactions to a particular topic. 
B. used by the researcher when discussing the ground rules with the focus group participants. 
C. a detailed outline of the topics, questions, and sub questions used by the moderator to lead the focus group session. 
D. an interactive procedure, of the researcher and the moderator, discussing the subjects’ comments and/or responses to the topics that outlined the focus group session.

3. Content analysis is:
A. the interviewer’s ability to articulate questions in a direct and clear manner. 
B. a process of collecting both attitudinal and behavioral data from a subject that spans all time frames. 
C. a detailed outline of the topics, questions, and sub questions used by the moderator to lead the focus group session. 
D. the systematic procedure of taking individual responses and grouping them into larger theme categories or patterns of expressions.

4. Which of the following statements is FALSE about ethnography research?
A. Behaviors are observed in a natural setting. 
B. The observer engages in participant observation. 
C. It seeks to understand how social and cultural influences affect people’s behavior and experiences. 
D. It is a quantitative data collection method.