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C programming for distributed systems

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Description:

You are asked to develop a replicator (client) that distributes a large job over a number of computers (a server group) on a single switched LAN (our Linux lab). In this assignment, a large (simulation) job can be divided into a number of small jobs, each of which can be assigned to one machine from the server group for execution. The execution results of the small jobs can be merged once all of them successfully terminate.

System Architecture:

  client             server1       server2        server3 ...
     |                      |                 |                  |
     |                      |                 |                  |
     |       LAN        |                 |                  |
     |------------------|--------------|---------------|-----

The client and servers are running Network File System (NFS) so that user files are visible at $HOME directory. You may want to set up the following environment:

  • $HOME/replicate.hosts: a list of (server) hostnames which participate in the simulation.  There is no reason why your implementation cannot support up to 10 servers.
  • $HOME/replicate_out: the directory that stores the small job execution result.

The simulation program ” hyper_link ” (binary) is provided. In this assignment, you don’t need to know or care what “hyper_link” does, and actually it is a computing intensive (CPU demanding) simulator. The command line arguments of “hyper_link” are job# 1000000 999 1 2 2 100, where the job number determines the number of small jobs in your simulation. To allow the client to run a large job, the job# should be given in a tuple: start, end, and step. For example, the command (from the client) “hyper_link 1 100 1 1000000 999 1 2 2 100” yields 100 small jobs with the job# starting from 1 to 100. Each small job produces a screen output (see example below) at the end (if finished successfully). Your code needs to redirect the output to a file and save it in $HOME/replicate_out. For example (on the server side),

./hyper_link 1 1000000 999 1 2 2 100

will produce a screen output looks like (it takes approximately 2 minutes on spirit):
1:1000000:999:2:0.5:1.125193e+00:2.454346e-04:6.251640e-01:2.205078e-04:0.000000e+00:0.000000e+00

Requirements:

  1. The communications between the replicator and servers are achieved through remote procedure calls in the client-server fashion.  You can only use C programming lanuage to complete this project.  Your implementation should not rely on any extra library (to compile your code).  
  2. A user interface is required for the replicator to control the server. A command line interface will be acceptable. A (working) graphic user interface (GUI) will impress the instructor and earn up to 20 bonus credits. Your client interface should at least support the following operations.
    • start a large job. For example: hyper_link 1 100 1 1000000 999 1 2 2 100 (start 100 small jobs with job number starting from 1 to 100)
    • show the current CPU load of a certain server (if the server is active).
    • show the current server status (active or inactive).
    • stop a certain server.
    • restart a certain server.
    • For those who are going to implement GUI, you need to create an icon for each server, and show the server status in the real time, e.g., the CPU load (with the mark of hi-threshold), active/inactive, etc.
    • The hi-threshold and lo-threshold can be set to the pre-determined values (as long as they are reasonable).  Alternatively, you will impress the instructor by implementing the configurable threshold values during the run.  If that is the case, you have to provide two extra commands that set the values.
  3. The replicator has to make sure all small jobs are successfully finished.
    • If a server crashes (or not responsive), the running job (not finished yet) will be killed and rescheduled (at a certain time per your design) for execution.
    • If a server CPU load exceed the preset threshold (the higher threshold), the replicator stops the server (and therefore kills the job).
    • The replicate should keep polling the CPU load of the stopped server. Once the load becomes lower than the lower threshold (a preset value), the server should be reactivated to run the jobs.
    • The replicator can also stop any server (through user interface) if needed. Once happened, the unfinished job will be killed.
    • If a job terminates abnormally (e.g., being killed), the replicator has to reschedule the job execution later.
  4. Makefile: you need to provide a Makefile that allows the instructor to compile your code by simply typing “make”.
  5. Write-up: you are required to write a README document (in txt format) that describes your project design detail and the execution sequence (with the commands). In particular, please explicitly state which part, if there is any, does not work and the possible reasons why that module does not work. For those working modules, please give a brief (in short) sample output.

Hints:

  1. RPC programming: a brief (Sun) RPC programming introduction is given in the class.
  2. CPU load: please check /proc/loadavg for the CPU load information in Linux.
  3. Linux signal: the signal mechnism must be used to control the simulation execution at the servers.
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July 1, 2023
    

 

81. Which of the following statements regarding the benefits of group psychotherapy is false? 
A. Group psychotherapy tends to raise each client's expectations for improvement.
B. The group experience makes clients more willing to share their feelings.
C. Participants in group therapy deal with their problems without the aid of therapists.
D. Group psychotherapy allows clients to try out new skills in a supportive environment.

82. The Robinson family has been experiencing family conflicts for the past two years. The parents attribute many of the conflicts to their son, Thom. Thom is fourteen and has been getting into trouble at school since the age of twelve. They seek help from a clinician renowned for her work in family therapy. Ultimately, the _____ become(s) the client and treatment will focus on _____. 
A. child; helping Thom adjust to the pressures of adolescence
B. parents; creating a more structured environment for Thom
C. family; family interaction patterns
D. parents; helping them understand Thom

83. Henry is fourteen years old and an alcoholic. His parents take him and his younger brother to a family therapist. Which of the following statements would that therapist most likely make to Henry's family? 
A. “Problems like this do not occur in a vacuum. I believe the parents are responsible for Henry's condition and are the ones with the true problem.”
B. “No single person has a problem here. The entire family has a problem. Here we are going to learn how to communicate with and support each other better.”
C. “Henry has a problem. In order to make this therapy work, Henry must first repay each family member for the grief he has caused.”
D. “Henry must stop drinking before any other family member will talk, eat, or in any way interact with him. The family must be strong in the commitment or the therapy will fail.”

84. Alex and Tricia have been married for two years. Recently they have felt as though they are growing apart. Alex and Tricia plan to attend couples therapy because they know that its main goal is to 
A. teach them to keep their emotions bottled up.
B. determine who is most responsible.
C. improve their communication.
D. eliminate “rules” in the relationship.

85. In couples therapy, Tom and Geraldine hope to salvage their difficult marriage. Tom and Geraldine should expect all of the following from couples therapy except 
A. learning to abide by rules of talking.
B. recovering from fights by expressing more positive statements.
C. discussing best practices with other couples in the group sessions.
D. identifying miscommunication or lack of communication.

86. Eysenck's controversial research findings highlight the difficulty in scientifically determining whether psychotherapy works. All of the following are mentioned as concerns with determining the effectiveness of psychotherapy except: 
A. Placebo and experimenter bias effects
B. Figuring out how to measure a client's improvement
C. The nature and quality of the therapist-client relationship
D. The client's motivation to change

87. Which of the following best summarizes the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy? 
A. Behavior therapy is more effective than psychoanalysis in all cases.
B. There are no clinically significant differences between individuals who have undergone psychotherapy and those who have not.
C. Psychoanalysis is best for treating people with long-standing personality disorders.
D. There are no significant differences in the overall effectiveness of behavior therapy, humanistic therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.

88. Mary has a mental disorder and wants to see a therapist. She wants to make sure to choose the best type of therapy for the most effective treatment. What type of therapy should she choose? 
A. Behavioral
B. Rational-emotive behavior
C. Phenomenological
D. No single type of therapy has been proven to work better than all others for all types of disorders.

89. Which of the following is not a criticism of empirically supported therapies (ESTs)? 
A. The widespread use of ESTs might suppress the development of new treatment methods.
B. ESTs overemphasize the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship between client and therapist.
C. Research on ESTs may not be valid because clients and therapists are not paired up at random in the real world.
D. The studies supporting ESTs were limited by the fact that therapists were not allowed to adapt treatment methods to the needs of particular clients.

90. A friend asks your advice about what is most important in evaluating a therapist. You answer: 
A. “Don't even bother with therapy! Studies have shown that people in therapy recover more slowly than people not in therapy.”
B. “Check out a therapist's track record of clinically significant success in treating problems similar to yours.”
C. “Make sure that the therapist adheres to the techniques of her or his approach, as the therapist probably is not trained in the techniques of other approaches.”
D. “Make sure the therapist uses psychoanalysis, because it has been proven the most effective approach.”

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

81. Which of the following statements regarding the benefits of group psychotherapy is false? 
A. Group psychotherapy tends to raise each client's expectations for improvement.
B. The group experience makes clients more willing to share their feelings.
C. Participants in group therapy deal with their problems without the aid of therapists.
D. Group psychotherapy allows clients to try out new skills in a supportive environment.

82. The Robinson family has been experiencing family conflicts for the past two years. The parents attribute many of the conflicts to their son, Thom. Thom is fourteen and has been getting into trouble at school since the age of twelve. They seek help from a clinician renowned for her work in family therapy. Ultimately, the _____ become(s) the client and treatment will focus on _____. 
A. child; helping Thom adjust to the pressures of adolescence
B. parents; creating a more structured environment for Thom
C. family; family interaction patterns
D. parents; helping them understand Thom

83. Henry is fourteen years old and an alcoholic. His parents take him and his younger brother to a family therapist. Which of the following statements would that therapist most likely make to Henry's family? 
A. “Problems like this do not occur in a vacuum. I believe the parents are responsible for Henry's condition and are the ones with the true problem.”
B. “No single person has a problem here. The entire family has a problem. Here we are going to learn how to communicate with and support each other better.”
C. “Henry has a problem. In order to make this therapy work, Henry must first repay each family member for the grief he has caused.”
D. “Henry must stop drinking before any other family member will talk, eat, or in any way interact with him. The family must be strong in the commitment or the therapy will fail.”

84. Alex and Tricia have been married for two years. Recently they have felt as though they are growing apart. Alex and Tricia plan to attend couples therapy because they know that its main goal is to 
A. teach them to keep their emotions bottled up.
B. determine who is most responsible.
C. improve their communication.
D. eliminate “rules” in the relationship.

85. In couples therapy, Tom and Geraldine hope to salvage their difficult marriage. Tom and Geraldine should expect all of the following from couples therapy except 
A. learning to abide by rules of talking.
B. recovering from fights by expressing more positive statements.
C. discussing best practices with other couples in the group sessions.
D. identifying miscommunication or lack of communication.

86. Eysenck's controversial research findings highlight the difficulty in scientifically determining whether psychotherapy works. All of the following are mentioned as concerns with determining the effectiveness of psychotherapy except: 
A. Placebo and experimenter bias effects
B. Figuring out how to measure a client's improvement
C. The nature and quality of the therapist-client relationship
D. The client's motivation to change

87. Which of the following best summarizes the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy? 
A. Behavior therapy is more effective than psychoanalysis in all cases.
B. There are no clinically significant differences between individuals who have undergone psychotherapy and those who have not.
C. Psychoanalysis is best for treating people with long-standing personality disorders.
D. There are no significant differences in the overall effectiveness of behavior therapy, humanistic therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.

88. Mary has a mental disorder and wants to see a therapist. She wants to make sure to choose the best type of therapy for the most effective treatment. What type of therapy should she choose? 
A. Behavioral
B. Rational-emotive behavior
C. Phenomenological
D. No single type of therapy has been proven to work better than all others for all types of disorders.

89. Which of the following is not a criticism of empirically supported therapies (ESTs)? 
A. The widespread use of ESTs might suppress the development of new treatment methods.
B. ESTs overemphasize the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship between client and therapist.
C. Research on ESTs may not be valid because clients and therapists are not paired up at random in the real world.
D. The studies supporting ESTs were limited by the fact that therapists were not allowed to adapt treatment methods to the needs of particular clients.

90. A friend asks your advice about what is most important in evaluating a therapist. You answer: 
A. “Don't even bother with therapy! Studies have shown that people in therapy recover more slowly than people not in therapy.”
B. “Check out a therapist's track record of clinically significant success in treating problems similar to yours.”
C. “Make sure that the therapist adheres to the techniques of her or his approach, as the therapist probably is not trained in the techniques of other approaches.”
D. “Make sure the therapist uses psychoanalysis, because it has been proven the most effective approach.”

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

81. Which of the following statements regarding the benefits of group psychotherapy is false? 
A. Group psychotherapy tends to raise each client's expectations for improvement.
B. The group experience makes clients more willing to share their feelings.
C. Participants in group therapy deal with their problems without the aid of therapists.
D. Group psychotherapy allows clients to try out new skills in a supportive environment.

82. The Robinson family has been experiencing family conflicts for the past two years. The parents attribute many of the conflicts to their son, Thom. Thom is fourteen and has been getting into trouble at school since the age of twelve. They seek help from a clinician renowned for her work in family therapy. Ultimately, the _____ become(s) the client and treatment will focus on _____. 
A. child; helping Thom adjust to the pressures of adolescence
B. parents; creating a more structured environment for Thom
C. family; family interaction patterns
D. parents; helping them understand Thom

83. Henry is fourteen years old and an alcoholic. His parents take him and his younger brother to a family therapist. Which of the following statements would that therapist most likely make to Henry's family? 
A. “Problems like this do not occur in a vacuum. I believe the parents are responsible for Henry's condition and are the ones with the true problem.”
B. “No single person has a problem here. The entire family has a problem. Here we are going to learn how to communicate with and support each other better.”
C. “Henry has a problem. In order to make this therapy work, Henry must first repay each family member for the grief he has caused.”
D. “Henry must stop drinking before any other family member will talk, eat, or in any way interact with him. The family must be strong in the commitment or the therapy will fail.”

84. Alex and Tricia have been married for two years. Recently they have felt as though they are growing apart. Alex and Tricia plan to attend couples therapy because they know that its main goal is to 
A. teach them to keep their emotions bottled up.
B. determine who is most responsible.
C. improve their communication.
D. eliminate “rules” in the relationship.

85. In couples therapy, Tom and Geraldine hope to salvage their difficult marriage. Tom and Geraldine should expect all of the following from couples therapy except 
A. learning to abide by rules of talking.
B. recovering from fights by expressing more positive statements.
C. discussing best practices with other couples in the group sessions.
D. identifying miscommunication or lack of communication.

86. Eysenck's controversial research findings highlight the difficulty in scientifically determining whether psychotherapy works. All of the following are mentioned as concerns with determining the effectiveness of psychotherapy except: 
A. Placebo and experimenter bias effects
B. Figuring out how to measure a client's improvement
C. The nature and quality of the therapist-client relationship
D. The client's motivation to change

87. Which of the following best summarizes the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy? 
A. Behavior therapy is more effective than psychoanalysis in all cases.
B. There are no clinically significant differences between individuals who have undergone psychotherapy and those who have not.
C. Psychoanalysis is best for treating people with long-standing personality disorders.
D. There are no significant differences in the overall effectiveness of behavior therapy, humanistic therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.

88. Mary has a mental disorder and wants to see a therapist. She wants to make sure to choose the best type of therapy for the most effective treatment. What type of therapy should she choose? 
A. Behavioral
B. Rational-emotive behavior
C. Phenomenological
D. No single type of therapy has been proven to work better than all others for all types of disorders.

89. Which of the following is not a criticism of empirically supported therapies (ESTs)? 
A. The widespread use of ESTs might suppress the development of new treatment methods.
B. ESTs overemphasize the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship between client and therapist.
C. Research on ESTs may not be valid because clients and therapists are not paired up at random in the real world.
D. The studies supporting ESTs were limited by the fact that therapists were not allowed to adapt treatment methods to the needs of particular clients.

90. A friend asks your advice about what is most important in evaluating a therapist. You answer: 
A. “Don't even bother with therapy! Studies have shown that people in therapy recover more slowly than people not in therapy.”
B. “Check out a therapist's track record of clinically significant success in treating problems similar to yours.”
C. “Make sure that the therapist adheres to the techniques of her or his approach, as the therapist probably is not trained in the techniques of other approaches.”
D. “Make sure the therapist uses psychoanalysis, because it has been proven the most effective approach.”

 

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