Accounting 202 two problems – forten company& golden corporation

Uncategorized

Problem 12-2AA Indirect: Cash flows spreadsheet LO P1, P2, P3, P4

Forten Company, a merchandiser, recently completed its calendar-year 2013 operations. For the year, (1) all sales are credit sales, (2) all credits to Accounts Receivable reflect cash receipts from customers, (3) all purchases of inventory are on credit, (4) all debits to Accounts Payable reflect cash payments for inventory, and (5) Other Expenses are paid in advance and are initially debited to Prepaid Expenses. The company’s balance sheets and income statement follow.

FORTEN COMPANY Comparative Balance Sheets December 31, 2013 and 2012
  2013 2012
Assets
Cash $ 49,200   $ 73,000
Accounts receivable 65,890   57,000
Merchandise inventory 276,500   253,000
Prepaid expenses 1,250   1,900
Equipment 158,000   106,500
Accum. depreciation—Equipment (36,500) (46,000)


Total assets $ 514,340   $ 445,400


Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $ 63,590   $ 111,000
Short-term notes payable 10,000   6,000
Long-term notes payable 62,500   48,250
Common stock, $5 par value 162,250   150,750
Paid-in capital in excess of par, common stock 34,500   0
Retained earnings 181,500   129,400


Total liabilities and equity $ 514,340   $ 445,400

FORTEN COMPANY Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2013
Sales $ 582,500
Cost of goods sold 289,000

Gross profit 293,500
Operating expenses
       Depreciation expense $ 20,000
       Other expenses 134,000 154,000


Other gains (losses)
       Loss on sale of equipment (5,500)

Income before taxes 134,000
Income taxes expense 25,500

Net income $ 108,500

Additional Information on Year 2013 Transactions

a. Net income was $108,500.
b. Accounts receivable increased.
c. Merchandise inventory increased.
d. Prepaid expenses decreased.
e. Accounts payable decreased.
f. Depreciation expense was $20,000.
g. Sold equipment costing $46,500, with accumulated depreciation of $29,500, for $11,500 cash. This yielded a loss of $5,500.
h. Purchased equipment costing $98,000 by paying $30,000 cash and (i.) by signing a long-term note payable for the balance.
j. Borrowed $4,000 cash by signing a short-term note payable.
k. Paid $53,750 cash to reduce the long-term notes payable.
l. Issued 2,300 shares of common stock for $20 cash per share.
m. Declared and paid cash dividends of $56,400.

Required:
Prepare a complete statement of cash flows using a spreadsheet; report its operating activities using the indirect method. (Enter all amounts as positive values.)

Golden Corp., a merchandiser, recently completed its 2013 operations. For the year, (1) all sales are credit sales, (2) all credits to Accounts Receivable reflect cash receipts from customers, (3) all purchases of inventory are on credit, (4) all debits to Accounts Payable reflect cash payments for inventory, (5) Other Expenses are all cash expenses, and (6) any change in Income Taxes Payable reflects the accrual and cash payment of taxes. The company’s balance sheets and income statement follow.

hiododf CORPORATION
Comparative Balance Sheets
December 31, 2013 and 2012
2013 2012
Assets
Cash $ 163,000 $ 135,000
Accounts receivable 84,000 72,000
Merchandise inventory 625,000 515,000
Equipment 345,000 269,000
Accum. depreciation—Equipment (156,000) (103,000)

Total assets $ 1,061,000 $888,000

Liabilities and Equity
Accounts payable $ 164,000 $ 103,000
Income taxes payable 26,000 23,000
Common stock, $2 par value 590,000 568,000
Paid-in capital in excess of par value, common stock 197,000 164,000
Retained earnings 84,000 30,000

Total liabilities and equity $ 1,061,000 $ 888,000

GOLDEN CORPORATION
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2013
Sales $ 1,800,000
Cost of goods sold 1,088,000

Gross profit 712,000
Operating expenses
Depreciation expense $ 53,000
Other expenses 499,000 552,000
Income before taxes 160,000
Income taxes expense 21,000
Net income $ 139,000

Additional Information on Year 2013 Transactions
a. Purchased equipment for $76,000 cash.
b. Issued 11,000 shares of common stock for $5 cash per share.
c. Declared and paid $85,000 in cash dividends.

Required:
Prepare a complete statement of cash flows; report its cash inflows and cash outflows from operating activities according to the indirect method. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)

Continue to order Get a quote

July 1, 2023

Distinguishing Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· Textbook: Chapter 8, 9, 17 (Introduction)

· Lesson

· Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)

Click on the following tabs to review the concepts that will be addressed in this activity:

A valid structure is the way in which an argument is put together that assures it will pass the test of logical strength.

Deductive: In deductive arguments, the speaker asserts that her premises are true and, therefore, her conclusion must be accepted. Remember that in a deductive argument, logical strength does not depend on the literal truth of the premises. When we test for logical strength, we assume the premises are true. Once we determine that the argument is logically valid, we can then look at the actual – not presumed – truth of the premises.

Inductive: In inductive arguments, the speaker presents evidence that she claims support the probable truth of her conclusion – that her conclusion is the most likely true – and so you should accept it.

The Basic Structure of Deductive and Inductive Arguments
Argument examples:

Deductive Argument Example: “Tightening laws restricting the use and possession of firearms does not protect average law-abiding citizens; it only puts them at greater risk. Enforcing licensing restrictions, trigger locks, and waiting periods makes it more difficult for law-abiding citizens to defend themselves, and, as a result, encourages criminal activity. Only criminals benefit when ordinary citizens are deprived of their right to own a firearm and protect themselves, their homes, and their families" (Lott, 2000, p. 169)

Lott, J., (2000). More guns, less crime: Understanding crime and gun-control laws. University of Chicago Press.

The argument boils down to this:

· Laws that are obeyed by ordinary citizens and not obeyed by criminals are laws that put ordinary citizens at risk.

· Tight gun laws are laws that are obeyed only by ordinary citizens.

· Tight gun laws put ordinary citizens at risk.

However, the argument itself is composed of three intertwined syllogisms:

Only ordinary citizens are persons who respect tight gun laws.
Criminal persons are not ordinary citizens.
Therefore, criminals do not respect tight gun laws.

Tight gun laws restrict only ordinary citizens.
No criminal is an ordinary citizen.
No criminal is restricted by tight gun laws.

Laws that disfavor the good are laws that favor the bad.
Tight gun laws favor the bad.
Therefore, tight gun laws disfavor the good.

Notice that you cannot remove any of the “legs” and maintain the claim. Notice, also, that the reasons are closely connected and depend on or follow from each other. Notice, also, that the first premise (called the major premise) must be accepted as true, or the entire argument fails.

Inductive Argument: The United States is too dependent upon foreign oil. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, we rely on imported foreign oil for about 45% of our needs. Of the imported oil, most comes from Canada, but 22% comes from countries in the Middle East. Undeniably, this dependence shapes our foreign policy. We have vast oil reserves that could make us energy independent. Development of these resources would produce much-needed jobs, many of them in areas of the country suffering most from the recession. We should be developing an energy policy that makes us energy independent.

· Reason: We import 45% of our oil.

· Reason: Middle East oil imports shape our foreign policy.

· Reason: Our vast oil reserves could make us energy independent.

· Reason: Development of oil reserves could produce much needed jobs.

· Conclusion: For any or all of the above, independent reasons, we should become energy independent.

Notice that any one of these reasons, standing alone, could support the conclusions; they are not logically related to one another as they would be in a syllogism.

Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, address the following:

· Find and post examples of deductive and inductive arguments. Do NOT use an argument example which clearly indicates it is an example of an inductive/deductive argument.

· For each example, evaluate its logical strength, using the concepts and ideas presented in the textbook readings, the lesson, and any other source you find that helps you to evaluate the validity (deductive) or strength (inductive) of the argument. You can use examples from the text, or you can find examples elsewhere.

oEditorials and opinion columns are a good source, as are letters to the editor. Blogs will also often be based on arguments.

oUse mapping and evaluative techniques to make sure it is an argument.

· Is it inductive or deductive? Explain why.

· Does it pass the tests of validity and strength? Explain.