Sampling strategy and codebook for content analysis

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Directions

ASSIGNMENT

This assignment MUST be typed.

BACKGROUND. Imagine that you work for the United Nations, who issued (through their Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) a scientific consensus statement indicating that humans almost certainly cause global warming. At the same time, you are concerned that newspapers who report on global warming (also called climate change) may be presenting the issue with a “false balance” – presenting arguments for and against humans causing climate change, when there is a scientific consensus on one side of the issue. A previous study found evidence for this false balance (Boykoff & Boykoff, 2004); your job is to assess whether patterns of coverage in the last 6 months reflect a similar tendency to report with a false balance.

YOUR TASKS. Your job is to develop a sampling strategy and codebook for a content analysis of New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and Wall Street Journal news stories related to global warming and/or climate change published in the last 6 months. In order to do so, you will need to complete the 6 steps involved in doing a content analysis.

The population of interest for this assignment includes all news stories related to global warming and/or climate change published in the last 6 months. To obtain copies of the text of these news stories, you should use Nexis Uni and enter the following search term for stories that have appeared in the New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, & Wall Street Journal abstracts (you may choose whether to focus on print stories only, blogs, or both – see Nexis’ list of sources for these papers):

“global warming” OR “climate change”

AND DATE is within the last 6 months

You may not be able to analyze all of these news stories (e.g., conduct a census), depending on how many newspaper articles are retrieved with this search term, so you may need to figure out a sampling strategy that will allow you to test whether or not these newspapers cover global warming and/or climate change in a falsely balanced way using a sample of news stories.

Task 1. In approximately two single-spaced, typed pages (12-pt font), answer each of the following questions: (4.5 points in total)

1) DEVELOP YOUR MEASURES (step 2 from lecture)

a. Provide a one-sentence conceptual definition of each variable involved in the research question. You’ll need to provide a conceptual definition for (a) news stories related to global warming and/or climate change, and (b) false balance. You will find the following articles helpful to look at as a starting point. You may start from the authors’ conceptualizations of related terms like “information bias,” “balanced reporting,” and “false balance”, but you should come up with your own definitions of what would constitute a “false balance.” (1 point)

Boykoff, M. T., & Boykoff, J. M. (2004). Balance as bias: Global warming and the US prestige press. Global Environmental Change, 14, 125-136. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001. Available online at:

http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/publications/downloads/boykoff04-gec.pdf

Dixon, G., & Clarke, C. (2013). The effect of falsely balanced reporting of the autism-vaccine controversy on vaccine safety perceptions and behavioral intentions. Health Education Research, 28, 352-359. doi:10.1177/1075547012458290. Available online at: http://her.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/2/352.long

Grading Criteria:

o Provide a conceptual definition for news stories related to global warming and/or climate change, being sure to (1) address what you mean by news stories and (2) what counts as being related to these topics (.5 pts)

o Provide a conceptual definition for “false balance” including key dimensions or elements. The definition should explain clearly (1) what do you mean by “balance” and (2) why such balance is considered biased or false (.5 pts)

o Note: These definitions should (1) be written in your own words (not copying the authors’ terms but citing the authors if they influence your definition), (2) represent a conceptual, not operational definition (-.25 for each error).

2) DEVELOP A SAMPLING STRATEGY (step 3 from lecture)

Specify how many news stories you’ll need to analyze to test your research question. (1 point)

In other words, calculate your sample size(s). Describe why you chose this particular sample size. To make these decisions, you’ll want to specify the level of confidence and error you are willing to tolerate for this study. You will want to make use of a sample size calculator in making your decisions.

Grading Criteria: [Fulfill all three for full credit; deduct .5 for each error up to 1]

o Specify the number of news stories in your population

o Specify level of confidence

o Specify error willing to tolerate

o Include sample size (Note: Given your level of confidence and standard error, the number of your sample size should look reasonable to us)

Describe your sampling strategy using terms and concepts we’ve learned about in class and/or in the textbook. (1.5 points)

In this description, be sure that you answer each of the following questions: (i) Among all types of news stories (e.g., news stories, editorials, blog posts, opinion pieces, etc.), which ones will you choose as news stories related to global warming and/or climate change? (HINT: this decision should match your conceptual definition of what constitutes a news story related to the topic).

You must start by using the Nexis Uni search terms listed above to search for relevant stories to include in your sample. The set of articles that are returned from your search term will serve as the population for this assignment (HINT: depending on what issues of climate change you are focusing on, your population may be smaller or larger).

You will then need to describe the process of selecting a sample from this population by answering the following questions: (ii) How will you select specific news stories, from the overall population of news stories, to include in your sample? Will this process involve non- random sampling (convenience or snowball) or random sampling (simple or multi-stage cluster)? You can propose any strategy that you consider appropriate, but be sure to justify your decision and identify tradeoffs associated with that decision.

Grading Criteria:

o Describe how you will decide on news stories among all types (with some selection categories reflecting your definition of “news stories”) (.5 pts)

o State which types of news stories are to be included in your population and sample (.25 pts)

o Describe how you will select specific news stories to analyze (e.g., random or non-random sampling) (.25 pts)

o Provide a clear and thoughtful justification of your decisions (e.g., describe trade-offs) (.5 pts)

3) DESCRIBE HOW YOU WILL ASSESS CODER RELIABILITY (step 4 from lecture)

a. Describe the process that you will undertake to assess coder reliability. How will you assess whether coders are reliable in applying the codebook? Will you have multiple people double-code some of the same articles? How many will you double-code? Describe the process that your coders will follow. (1 point)

Grading Criteria:

o Name some procedures that you learned from the lecture about inter-coder reliability (.5 pts)

o Provide a clear and thoughtful description of the process and what it entails (.5 pts)

Task 2. On a separate page (or pages), provide a draft of the codebook you will use to content analyze the news stories (think of these as your operational definitions). The codebook itself should be separate from the 2-page document (4.5 points total)

Your codebook should include no more than 5 coding decisions for your coders, per news story. In other words, you have to decide on just 5 things to assess in the news story you decide to include in your study. The codebook should include (1) the names of (no more than 5) indicators of “false balance”; and (2) specific instructions about how to measure each indicator. You will get to provide your rationale for why you decided to choose these indicators in your 2-page summary document. It is often useful, in a codebook, to illustrate your directions for measuring each item with an example. As part of the grading for this assignment, we are going to take your codebook and see if we could use it to accurately code news stories on the topic.

In addition to providing the codebook itself, provide a brief rationale for each measure (as part of the 2-page summary; the codebook should be separate from this). Why did you choose to measure this as an indicator of false balance? How do these indicators reflect your conceptual definition? It is always a good idea to look at how other people have gone about coding false bias in news stories (and how they sampled newspaper articles to find them!). There is a sizeable literature on this topic.

It is always a good idea to start with questions that other scholars have used before. If you think previous measures are good questions and capture some aspect of the construct perfectly, you can use these measures, but be clear that you are quoting them directly. If you think previous measures are bad questions and you can improve on them, do so. You should begin by looking at Boykoff & Boykoff (2004) (http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/publications/downloads/boykoff04-gec.pdf) and Dixon and Clarke (2013) (http://her.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/2/352.long), as well as

at least one other reference (each should be cited in your paper in APA format):

If you decide to use other people’s measures, or develop your own based directly on what others have done before, be sure to cite these articles in your assignment using APA format (please include both in-text citations and a reference list at the end of your assignment).

Grading Criteria: [Fulfill all seven for full credit; deduct -1 for each error (except APA style, worth only .5 points – see below), but no more than 4.5 pts]

o Reference at least one outside article in developing the codebook (NOT just the one we have provided a link to)

o Provide (no more than) 5 coding decisions (not more; if a student uses less, then award full credit only if it appears that they have reasonably covered the concept)

o Coding decisions should be directly related to the variables/concepts involved

o Operational definition (coding decisions) should reflect your conceptual definition

o Coding decisions should be specific enough that anyone could reasonably apply them without help (or asking questions)

o Coding decisions should be measureable (and allow us to test the proposed hypothesis)

o In addition, you must provide a correct APA citation; if at least one mistake is noted, deduct .25 pts. Deduct full .5 points if 3 or more mistakes are made

Task 3. Select four news stories from your sample. Code them using your codebook. Enter your codes in the spreadsheet. (step 5 from lecture) (3 points)

These four do not have to be randomly selected or correspond to your proposed sampling strategy – just pick any four to try it out yourself. All of your codes should be quantitative in nature – a number should correspond to each variable in each story. For example, if you were coding for the presence or absence of emotional display, you could assign “1” when it is shown or “0” when it is not. Attach full-text of each news story that you coded to the end of your assignment.

Grading Criteria: [Fulfill all four for full credit]

Select and list 4 news stories (should be labeled in some way – a brief title is fine) (.5 pts; no points awarded if not 4)
All codes should be quantitative in nature (.5 pt)
The codes assigned to each article should appear to the grader to be reasonable applications of the operational definitions described in your codebook (1.5 pts total)
Should use the attached spreadsheet (.5 pts)

TURN IN THE FOLLOWING. (1) The two-page description which includes the rationale for each measure in your codebook, (2) the codebook itself, (3) your codes written in the spreadsheet below, and (4) a print copy (or a link) of each news story you coded

Coding Spreadsheet:

Write each variable name in the column below

(use an 8 character-or-less abbreviation of this variable name)

News Story Title and Brief Description

Screen shot shows how to use nexis uni

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July 1, 2023

Question

SCI228 Week 1 Quiz 1

Question : (TCO 1) Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?

Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.

Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store food.

Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.

Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Question 2. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is NOT required on a food label?

Sodium (mg/serving)

Calcium (mg/serving)

Dietary fiber (g/serving)

Total cholesterol (mg/serving)

Question 3. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is FALSE?

Lipids are soluble in water.

Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Lipids yield more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Question 4. Question : (TCO 1) Which federal agency conducts the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

ADA (American Dietetic Association)

NIH (National Institutes of Health)

Question 5. Question : (TCO 3) Barbara has just been diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following foods would be most dangerous for her to consume?

Cornflakes

Rice cakes

Potatoes

Whole-wheat bread

Question 6. Question : (TCO 3) Collectively, the nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as:

peptic nerves.

hepatic nerves.

enteric nerves.

gastric nerves.

Question 7. Question : (TCO 3) Which of the following is the most common form of pesticides?

Insecticides

Herbicides

Fungicides

Biopesticides

Question 8. Question : (TCO 3) In which of the following environments does Clostridium botulinum flourish?

Acidic

Alkaline

< 40 F

> 140 F

Question 9. Question : (TCO 3) The two types of fungi are:

molds and spongiforms.

yeasts and helminths.

prions and dioxins.

molds and yeasts.

Question 10. Question : (TCO 3) Which human organ system is most affected by toxic levels of mercury?

Nervous

Renal

Cardiovascular

Digestive

SCI228 Week 2 Quiz 2

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 1) Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Sucrose

Fructose

Galactose

Glucose

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 1) The simplest units of carbohydrates are called:

fatty acids.

amino acids.

monosaccharides.

calories.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 1) Major fructose sources include:

milk and cheese.

nuts and honey.

fruits and vegetables.

breads and cereals.

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 2) After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

Glucagon

Estrogen

CCK

Insulin

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 2) ________ is a technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen.

Ketosis

Carbohydrate loading

Glycogen surging

Gluconeogenesis

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 2) Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?

Diet sodas

Baked confections

Chewing gums

Infant formulas

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 3) Sean is planning to bake a batch of chocolate chip cookies for his girlfriend. Which of the following artificial sweeteners would be the best substitute for the sugar in the recipe?

Aspartame

Saccharin

Sucralose

Olestra

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following is associated with Type II diabetes?

Autoimmune disease

Obesity

Prone to ketosis

Body fails to produce insulin

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Type II diabetes?

Arises most commonly during adulthood

Insulin resistance or insensitivity

Often associated with obesity

The least common form of diabetes

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 4) Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people because:

yogurt has no lactose.

bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose.

it has a thicker consistency.

yogurt is acidic.

SCI228 Week 3 Quiz 3

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?

Short-chain

Saturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following describes lipids?

Organic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Inorganic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Organic nutrients that are insoluble in fat

Inorganic nutrients that are insoluble in fat

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 6) Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are substances derived from which class of lipid?

Fatty acids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Sterols

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 6) As of January 1, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require food manufacturers to list ________ content on the Nutrition Facts Panel of their products.

phospholipid

sterol

essential fatty acid

trans fatty acid

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 6) ________ are the major form of fat in both food and the body.

Phospholipids

Triglycerides

Glycerols

Sterols

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 5) Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

Broccoli

Apple

Chicken

Whole grain bread

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 5) Per gram, which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content?

Cooked carrots

Chicken

Skim milk

Whole-wheat bread

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 5) Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is the by-product of this process?

Ammonia

Water

Carbon dioxide

Hydrochloric acid

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 5) Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

Maintaining fluid balance

Providing energy to the body

Growth and maintenance of new tissue

Synthesis of hormones

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 5) Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ________.

carcinogens

antioxidants

prions

vitamins B12 and D

SCI228 Week 5 Quiz 5

1. Question :

(TCO 3) What is an exchange reaction?

A reaction that produces free radicals

A two-part metabolic reaction that includes oxidation and reduction steps

The first stage of cancer development, in which a cell's DNA mutates

A reaction that converts a provitamin into the metabolically active form

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 3) Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of:

atoms.

antioxidants.

electrons.

nuclei.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 7) The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is:

alpha-tocopherol.

beta-tocopherol.

gamma-tocopherol.

delta-tocopherol.

Chapter 8

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 7) The deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C is:

scurvy.

erythrocyte hemolysis.

night blindness.

Keshan disease.

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 7) Which of the following nutrients requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin C

Beta-carotene

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 8) Which of the following foods would be the best dietary source of pre-formed Vitamin A?

Carrots

Egg

Cantaloupe

Rice

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 8) The phytochemical found in tomatoes and tomato products is:

lycopene.

flavonoids.

phytoestrogens.

polyphenols.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 8) Which of the following is our primary dietary source of Vitamin D?

Seafood

Chicken

Green leafy vegetables

Milk

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 9) Mary G. is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be the MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?

Magnesium and fluoride

Vitamin K and fluoride

Calcium and phosphorus

Calcium and Vitamin D

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 9) The chronic overconsumption of ________ can result in a biotin deficiency.

herbal tea

raw egg whites

natural licorice

grapefruit juice

SCI228 Week 6 Quiz 6

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 1) Chemicals that control hunger, appetite, and digestion include all of the following EXCEPT:

dopamine.

serotonin.

pepsin.

ghrelin.

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 2) Consuming an excess of _______ calories in one week will result in a weight gain of one pound per week.

2,500

3,500

3,000

2,000

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following BEST describes exercise?

Any movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure

Maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group

Leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured

Ability to move a joint fluidly through the complete range of motion

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 4) Which of the following is not one of the physiological effects of regular physical activity?

Decreases the action of insulin

Enhances gastric motility

Maintains and/or increases lean body mass

Decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 5) What are the standard criteria used for diagnosing an eating disorder?

Analysis of atypical food behavior

Disordered eating questionnaire

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 6) What is meant by the notion that eating behaviors are conditioned?

Eating habits affect our moods.

Previous experiences, such as those that occur during childhood, affect our current responses to food and eating behaviors.

Food consumption only occurs in response to external stimuli.

The intensity and duration of physical activity impacts our response to food and eating habits.

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 7) Which of the following BEST describes why the body reduces nonvital body functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?

There is insufficient estrogen to regulate these functions.

The body is trying to maintain normal body temperature.

The body needs to conserve energy.

The individual's activity level is very low.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 8) What percentage of U.S. women have bulimia nervosa?

1-4%

5-7%

7-12%

15-20%

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 9) For most adults, it is difficult to get adequate nutrients if eating less than ________ kcals a day.

1,000-1,200

1,200-1,500

1,600-1,800

1,800-2,000

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 10) Currently, the best known treatment of eating disorders is:

a team-management approach.

psychotropic medications.

IV therapy.

a high-calorie, high-protein diet.

SCI228 Week 7 Quiz 7

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 4) From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n):

fetus.

embryo.

zygote.

blastocyst.

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 4) Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the:

mother's weight at the end of the first trimester.

size of the fetus at three months' gestation.

mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index.

mother's age.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 5) To avoid ________ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 oz. a week.

mercury

lead

arsenic

nitrogen

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 6) Which DRI does NOT increase during pregnancy?

Zinc

Protein

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 7) The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is:

high fluid intake by the mother.

high protein intake by the mother.

infant suckling.

ovulation.

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 8) The brain grows the most rapidly during the first ________ years of life.

two

five

eight

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 9) Which of the following is NOT a recommendation to avoid allergies in children?

If a child has a negative reaction to a food, never offer it to that child again.

Introduce new foods one at a time.

Rotate foods in the diet rather than serving them every day.

When introducing a new food, watch for any allergic reaction for a week before offering another new food.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 10) Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by:

increased physical activity.

increased caloric intake.

hormonal changes.

both increased physical activity and increased caloric intake.

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 10) One should avoid consuming excess Vitamin E when taking the medication:

Coumadin.

Zocor.

Tylenol.

Motrin.

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 10) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the RDA for carbohydrates?

This recommendation stays the same as we age.

This amount ensures adequate glucose to the brain.

Most healthy individuals require more than this recommendation.

This amount is difficult for elderly individuals to consume in their diets.

July 1, 2023

Question

SCI228 Week 1 Quiz 1

Question : (TCO 1) Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?

Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.

Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store food.

Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.

Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Question 2. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is NOT required on a food label?

Sodium (mg/serving)

Calcium (mg/serving)

Dietary fiber (g/serving)

Total cholesterol (mg/serving)

Question 3. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is FALSE?

Lipids are soluble in water.

Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Lipids yield more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Question 4. Question : (TCO 1) Which federal agency conducts the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

ADA (American Dietetic Association)

NIH (National Institutes of Health)

Question 5. Question : (TCO 3) Barbara has just been diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following foods would be most dangerous for her to consume?

Cornflakes

Rice cakes

Potatoes

Whole-wheat bread

Question 6. Question : (TCO 3) Collectively, the nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as:

peptic nerves.

hepatic nerves.

enteric nerves.

gastric nerves.

Question 7. Question : (TCO 3) Which of the following is the most common form of pesticides?

Insecticides

Herbicides

Fungicides

Biopesticides

Question 8. Question : (TCO 3) In which of the following environments does Clostridium botulinum flourish?

Acidic

Alkaline

< 40 F

> 140 F

Question 9. Question : (TCO 3) The two types of fungi are:

molds and spongiforms.

yeasts and helminths.

prions and dioxins.

molds and yeasts.

Question 10. Question : (TCO 3) Which human organ system is most affected by toxic levels of mercury?

Nervous

Renal

Cardiovascular

Digestive

SCI228 Week 2 Quiz 2

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 1) Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Sucrose

Fructose

Galactose

Glucose

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 1) The simplest units of carbohydrates are called:

fatty acids.

amino acids.

monosaccharides.

calories.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 1) Major fructose sources include:

milk and cheese.

nuts and honey.

fruits and vegetables.

breads and cereals.

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 2) After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

Glucagon

Estrogen

CCK

Insulin

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 2) ________ is a technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen.

Ketosis

Carbohydrate loading

Glycogen surging

Gluconeogenesis

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 2) Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?

Diet sodas

Baked confections

Chewing gums

Infant formulas

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 3) Sean is planning to bake a batch of chocolate chip cookies for his girlfriend. Which of the following artificial sweeteners would be the best substitute for the sugar in the recipe?

Aspartame

Saccharin

Sucralose

Olestra

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following is associated with Type II diabetes?

Autoimmune disease

Obesity

Prone to ketosis

Body fails to produce insulin

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Type II diabetes?

Arises most commonly during adulthood

Insulin resistance or insensitivity

Often associated with obesity

The least common form of diabetes

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 4) Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people because:

yogurt has no lactose.

bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose.

it has a thicker consistency.

yogurt is acidic.

SCI228 Week 3 Quiz 3

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?

Short-chain

Saturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following describes lipids?

Organic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Inorganic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Organic nutrients that are insoluble in fat

Inorganic nutrients that are insoluble in fat

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 6) Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are substances derived from which class of lipid?

Fatty acids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Sterols

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 6) As of January 1, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require food manufacturers to list ________ content on the Nutrition Facts Panel of their products.

phospholipid

sterol

essential fatty acid

trans fatty acid

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 6) ________ are the major form of fat in both food and the body.

Phospholipids

Triglycerides

Glycerols

Sterols

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 5) Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

Broccoli

Apple

Chicken

Whole grain bread

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 5) Per gram, which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content?

Cooked carrots

Chicken

Skim milk

Whole-wheat bread

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 5) Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is the by-product of this process?

Ammonia

Water

Carbon dioxide

Hydrochloric acid

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 5) Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

Maintaining fluid balance

Providing energy to the body

Growth and maintenance of new tissue

Synthesis of hormones

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 5) Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ________.

carcinogens

antioxidants

prions

vitamins B12 and D

SCI228 Week 5 Quiz 5

1. Question :

(TCO 3) What is an exchange reaction?

A reaction that produces free radicals

A two-part metabolic reaction that includes oxidation and reduction steps

The first stage of cancer development, in which a cell's DNA mutates

A reaction that converts a provitamin into the metabolically active form

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 3) Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of:

atoms.

antioxidants.

electrons.

nuclei.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 7) The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is:

alpha-tocopherol.

beta-tocopherol.

gamma-tocopherol.

delta-tocopherol.

Chapter 8

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 7) The deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C is:

scurvy.

erythrocyte hemolysis.

night blindness.

Keshan disease.

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 7) Which of the following nutrients requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin C

Beta-carotene

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 8) Which of the following foods would be the best dietary source of pre-formed Vitamin A?

Carrots

Egg

Cantaloupe

Rice

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 8) The phytochemical found in tomatoes and tomato products is:

lycopene.

flavonoids.

phytoestrogens.

polyphenols.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 8) Which of the following is our primary dietary source of Vitamin D?

Seafood

Chicken

Green leafy vegetables

Milk

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 9) Mary G. is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be the MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?

Magnesium and fluoride

Vitamin K and fluoride

Calcium and phosphorus

Calcium and Vitamin D

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 9) The chronic overconsumption of ________ can result in a biotin deficiency.

herbal tea

raw egg whites

natural licorice

grapefruit juice

SCI228 Week 6 Quiz 6

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 1) Chemicals that control hunger, appetite, and digestion include all of the following EXCEPT:

dopamine.

serotonin.

pepsin.

ghrelin.

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 2) Consuming an excess of _______ calories in one week will result in a weight gain of one pound per week.

2,500

3,500

3,000

2,000

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following BEST describes exercise?

Any movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure

Maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group

Leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured

Ability to move a joint fluidly through the complete range of motion

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 4) Which of the following is not one of the physiological effects of regular physical activity?

Decreases the action of insulin

Enhances gastric motility

Maintains and/or increases lean body mass

Decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 5) What are the standard criteria used for diagnosing an eating disorder?

Analysis of atypical food behavior

Disordered eating questionnaire

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 6) What is meant by the notion that eating behaviors are conditioned?

Eating habits affect our moods.

Previous experiences, such as those that occur during childhood, affect our current responses to food and eating behaviors.

Food consumption only occurs in response to external stimuli.

The intensity and duration of physical activity impacts our response to food and eating habits.

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 7) Which of the following BEST describes why the body reduces nonvital body functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?

There is insufficient estrogen to regulate these functions.

The body is trying to maintain normal body temperature.

The body needs to conserve energy.

The individual's activity level is very low.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 8) What percentage of U.S. women have bulimia nervosa?

1-4%

5-7%

7-12%

15-20%

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 9) For most adults, it is difficult to get adequate nutrients if eating less than ________ kcals a day.

1,000-1,200

1,200-1,500

1,600-1,800

1,800-2,000

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 10) Currently, the best known treatment of eating disorders is:

a team-management approach.

psychotropic medications.

IV therapy.

a high-calorie, high-protein diet.

SCI228 Week 7 Quiz 7

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 4) From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n):

fetus.

embryo.

zygote.

blastocyst.

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 4) Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the:

mother's weight at the end of the first trimester.

size of the fetus at three months' gestation.

mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index.

mother's age.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 5) To avoid ________ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 oz. a week.

mercury

lead

arsenic

nitrogen

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 6) Which DRI does NOT increase during pregnancy?

Zinc

Protein

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 7) The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is:

high fluid intake by the mother.

high protein intake by the mother.

infant suckling.

ovulation.

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 8) The brain grows the most rapidly during the first ________ years of life.

two

five

eight

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 9) Which of the following is NOT a recommendation to avoid allergies in children?

If a child has a negative reaction to a food, never offer it to that child again.

Introduce new foods one at a time.

Rotate foods in the diet rather than serving them every day.

When introducing a new food, watch for any allergic reaction for a week before offering another new food.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 10) Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by:

increased physical activity.

increased caloric intake.

hormonal changes.

both increased physical activity and increased caloric intake.

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 10) One should avoid consuming excess Vitamin E when taking the medication:

Coumadin.

Zocor.

Tylenol.

Motrin.

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 10) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the RDA for carbohydrates?

This recommendation stays the same as we age.

This amount ensures adequate glucose to the brain.

Most healthy individuals require more than this recommendation.

This amount is difficult for elderly individuals to consume in their diets.

July 1, 2023

Question

SCI228 Week 1 Quiz 1

Question : (TCO 1) Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?

Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.

Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store food.

Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.

Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.

Question 2. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is NOT required on a food label?

Sodium (mg/serving)

Calcium (mg/serving)

Dietary fiber (g/serving)

Total cholesterol (mg/serving)

Question 3. Question : (TCO 1) Which of the following is FALSE?

Lipids are soluble in water.

Lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Lipids yield more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Question 4. Question : (TCO 1) Which federal agency conducts the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

ADA (American Dietetic Association)

NIH (National Institutes of Health)

Question 5. Question : (TCO 3) Barbara has just been diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following foods would be most dangerous for her to consume?

Cornflakes

Rice cakes

Potatoes

Whole-wheat bread

Question 6. Question : (TCO 3) Collectively, the nerves of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as:

peptic nerves.

hepatic nerves.

enteric nerves.

gastric nerves.

Question 7. Question : (TCO 3) Which of the following is the most common form of pesticides?

Insecticides

Herbicides

Fungicides

Biopesticides

Question 8. Question : (TCO 3) In which of the following environments does Clostridium botulinum flourish?

Acidic

Alkaline

< 40 F

> 140 F

Question 9. Question : (TCO 3) The two types of fungi are:

molds and spongiforms.

yeasts and helminths.

prions and dioxins.

molds and yeasts.

Question 10. Question : (TCO 3) Which human organ system is most affected by toxic levels of mercury?

Nervous

Renal

Cardiovascular

Digestive

SCI228 Week 2 Quiz 2

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 1) Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Sucrose

Fructose

Galactose

Glucose

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 1) The simplest units of carbohydrates are called:

fatty acids.

amino acids.

monosaccharides.

calories.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 1) Major fructose sources include:

milk and cheese.

nuts and honey.

fruits and vegetables.

breads and cereals.

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 2) After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

Glucagon

Estrogen

CCK

Insulin

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 2) ________ is a technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen.

Ketosis

Carbohydrate loading

Glycogen surging

Gluconeogenesis

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 2) Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?

Diet sodas

Baked confections

Chewing gums

Infant formulas

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 3) Sean is planning to bake a batch of chocolate chip cookies for his girlfriend. Which of the following artificial sweeteners would be the best substitute for the sugar in the recipe?

Aspartame

Saccharin

Sucralose

Olestra

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following is associated with Type II diabetes?

Autoimmune disease

Obesity

Prone to ketosis

Body fails to produce insulin

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Type II diabetes?

Arises most commonly during adulthood

Insulin resistance or insensitivity

Often associated with obesity

The least common form of diabetes

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 4) Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people because:

yogurt has no lactose.

bacteria in yogurt help digest the lactose.

it has a thicker consistency.

yogurt is acidic.

SCI228 Week 3 Quiz 3

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?

Short-chain

Saturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following describes lipids?

Organic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Inorganic nutrients that are insoluble in water

Organic nutrients that are insoluble in fat

Inorganic nutrients that are insoluble in fat

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 6) Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are substances derived from which class of lipid?

Fatty acids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Sterols

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 6) As of January 1, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration will require food manufacturers to list ________ content on the Nutrition Facts Panel of their products.

phospholipid

sterol

essential fatty acid

trans fatty acid

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 6) ________ are the major form of fat in both food and the body.

Phospholipids

Triglycerides

Glycerols

Sterols

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 5) Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

Broccoli

Apple

Chicken

Whole grain bread

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 5) Per gram, which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content?

Cooked carrots

Chicken

Skim milk

Whole-wheat bread

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 5) Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is the by-product of this process?

Ammonia

Water

Carbon dioxide

Hydrochloric acid

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 5) Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?

Maintaining fluid balance

Providing energy to the body

Growth and maintenance of new tissue

Synthesis of hormones

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 5) Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ________.

carcinogens

antioxidants

prions

vitamins B12 and D

SCI228 Week 5 Quiz 5

1. Question :

(TCO 3) What is an exchange reaction?

A reaction that produces free radicals

A two-part metabolic reaction that includes oxidation and reduction steps

The first stage of cancer development, in which a cell's DNA mutates

A reaction that converts a provitamin into the metabolically active form

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 3) Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of:

atoms.

antioxidants.

electrons.

nuclei.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 7) The most powerful and abundant form of vitamin E is:

alpha-tocopherol.

beta-tocopherol.

gamma-tocopherol.

delta-tocopherol.

Chapter 8

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 7) The deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C is:

scurvy.

erythrocyte hemolysis.

night blindness.

Keshan disease.

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 7) Which of the following nutrients requires the most frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores?

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin C

Beta-carotene

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 8) Which of the following foods would be the best dietary source of pre-formed Vitamin A?

Carrots

Egg

Cantaloupe

Rice

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 8) The phytochemical found in tomatoes and tomato products is:

lycopene.

flavonoids.

phytoestrogens.

polyphenols.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 8) Which of the following is our primary dietary source of Vitamin D?

Seafood

Chicken

Green leafy vegetables

Milk

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 9) Mary G. is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be the MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?

Magnesium and fluoride

Vitamin K and fluoride

Calcium and phosphorus

Calcium and Vitamin D

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 9) The chronic overconsumption of ________ can result in a biotin deficiency.

herbal tea

raw egg whites

natural licorice

grapefruit juice

SCI228 Week 6 Quiz 6

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 1) Chemicals that control hunger, appetite, and digestion include all of the following EXCEPT:

dopamine.

serotonin.

pepsin.

ghrelin.

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 2) Consuming an excess of _______ calories in one week will result in a weight gain of one pound per week.

2,500

3,500

3,000

2,000

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 3) Which of the following BEST describes exercise?

Any movement produced by muscles that increases energy expenditure

Maximal force or tension level that can be produced by a muscle group

Leisure physical activity that is purposeful, planned, and structured

Ability to move a joint fluidly through the complete range of motion

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 4) Which of the following is not one of the physiological effects of regular physical activity?

Decreases the action of insulin

Enhances gastric motility

Maintains and/or increases lean body mass

Decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 5) What are the standard criteria used for diagnosing an eating disorder?

Analysis of atypical food behavior

Disordered eating questionnaire

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 6) What is meant by the notion that eating behaviors are conditioned?

Eating habits affect our moods.

Previous experiences, such as those that occur during childhood, affect our current responses to food and eating behaviors.

Food consumption only occurs in response to external stimuli.

The intensity and duration of physical activity impacts our response to food and eating habits.

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 7) Which of the following BEST describes why the body reduces nonvital body functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?

There is insufficient estrogen to regulate these functions.

The body is trying to maintain normal body temperature.

The body needs to conserve energy.

The individual's activity level is very low.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 8) What percentage of U.S. women have bulimia nervosa?

1-4%

5-7%

7-12%

15-20%

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 9) For most adults, it is difficult to get adequate nutrients if eating less than ________ kcals a day.

1,000-1,200

1,200-1,500

1,600-1,800

1,800-2,000

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 10) Currently, the best known treatment of eating disorders is:

a team-management approach.

psychotropic medications.

IV therapy.

a high-calorie, high-protein diet.

SCI228 Week 7 Quiz 7

Question 1. Question :

(TCO 4) From the third month to term, the developing human is called a(n):

fetus.

embryo.

zygote.

blastocyst.

Question 2. Question :

(TCO 4) Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the:

mother's weight at the end of the first trimester.

size of the fetus at three months' gestation.

mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index.

mother's age.

Question 3. Question :

(TCO 5) To avoid ________ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 oz. a week.

mercury

lead

arsenic

nitrogen

Question 4. Question :

(TCO 6) Which DRI does NOT increase during pregnancy?

Zinc

Protein

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Question 5. Question :

(TCO 7) The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is:

high fluid intake by the mother.

high protein intake by the mother.

infant suckling.

ovulation.

Question 6. Question :

(TCO 8) The brain grows the most rapidly during the first ________ years of life.

two

five

eight

Question 7. Question :

(TCO 9) Which of the following is NOT a recommendation to avoid allergies in children?

If a child has a negative reaction to a food, never offer it to that child again.

Introduce new foods one at a time.

Rotate foods in the diet rather than serving them every day.

When introducing a new food, watch for any allergic reaction for a week before offering another new food.

Question 8. Question :

(TCO 10) Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by:

increased physical activity.

increased caloric intake.

hormonal changes.

both increased physical activity and increased caloric intake.

Question 9. Question :

(TCO 10) One should avoid consuming excess Vitamin E when taking the medication:

Coumadin.

Zocor.

Tylenol.

Motrin.

Question 10. Question :

(TCO 10) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the RDA for carbohydrates?

This recommendation stays the same as we age.

This amount ensures adequate glucose to the brain.

Most healthy individuals require more than this recommendation.

This amount is difficult for elderly individuals to consume in their diets.

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