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Complete the following problems in chapter chapter 15: problems 2,

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Chapter 15 Problem 2

James Buchanan Orthotics and Prosthetics is planning to request a line of credit from its bank. The company has produced sales estimates, and these appear in the worksheet below. Collection estimates are as follows: 10 percent within the month of sale, 75 percent in the month following the sale, and 15 percent in the second month following the sale. Labor and supplies estimates also appear in the worksheet below. Payments for labor and supplies are typically made during the month following the one in which these costs have been incurred. General and administrative salaries will amount to approximately $27,000 a month; lease payments under long-term lease contracts will be $9,000 a month; depreciation charges will be $36,000 a month; miscellaneous expenses will be $2,700 a month; income tax payments of $63,000 will be due in both September and December; and a progress payment of $180,000 on a new building must be paid in October. Cash on hand on July 1 will amount to $132,000, and a minimum cash balance of $90,000 will be maintained throughout the cash budget period. What loan will be the company require in October?

       

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January

 

Collections worksheet:

  

Billed charges

$180,000

$180,000

$360,000

$540,000

$720,000

$360,000

$360,000

$90,000

$180,000

  

Collections

  

Within 30 days

  

30-60 days

  

60-90 days

  

Total collections

  

Supplies worksheet:

  

Amount of labor and supplies

$90,000

$90,000

$126,000

$882,000

$306,000

$234,000

$162,000

$90,000

  

Payments made for labor and supplies

  

Net cash gain (loss):

  

Total collections

  

Total purchases

  

General and administrative salaries

  

Lease payments

  

Miscellaneous expenses

  

Taxes

  

Progress payment

  

Total payments

  

Net cash gain/loss

  

Borrowing/surplus summary:

  

Cash at beginning with no borrowing

  

Cash at end with no borrowing

  

Target cash balance (given)

  

Cumulative surplus cash / loan balance

Chapter 15 Problem 5

Suppose one of the suppliers to Seattle Health System offers terms of 3/20, net 60.

a. When does the system have to pay its bills from this supplier?

b. What is the approximate percentage cost of the costly trade credit offered by this supplier? (Assume 360 days per year.)

Chapter 15 Problem 6

Langley Clinics, Inc., buys $400,000 in medical supplies a year (at gross prices) from its major supplier, Consolidated Services, which offers Langley terms of 2.5/10, net 45. Currently, Langley is paying the supplier the full amount due on Day 45, but it is considering taking the discount, paying on Day 10, and replacing the trade credit with a bank loan that has a 10 percent annual cost.

a. What is the amount of free trade credit that Langley obtains from Consolidated Services? (Assume 360 days per year throughout this problem.)

b. What is the amount of costly trade credit?

c. What is the approximate annual percentage cost of the costly trade credit?

d. Should Langley replace its trade credit with the bank loan? Explain your answer.

e. If the bank loan is used, how much of the trade credit should be replaced?

Chapter 15 Problem 8

Fargo Memorial Hospital has annual net patient service revenues of $14.4 million. The hospital’s patient accounts manager estimates that 10 percent of third party payers pay on Day 30, 60 percent pay on Day 60, and 30 percent pay on Day 90.

a. What is Fargo’s average collection period? (Assume 360 days per year throughout this problem.)

b. What is the firm’s current receivables balance?

c. What would be the firm’s new receivables balance if a newly proposed electronic claims system resulted in collecting from third-party payers in 45 and 75 days, instead of in 60 and 90 days?

d. Suppose the firm’s annual cost of carrying receivables was 10 percent. If the electronic claims system costs $30,000 a year to lease and operate, should it be adopted? (Assume that the entire receivables balance has to be financed.)

Chapter 15 Problem 9

Jones Surgicenter uses 90,000 bags of IV solution annually. The optimal safety stock (which is on hand initially) is 1,000 bags. Each bag costs the center $1.50, inventory carrying costs are 20 percent, and the cost of placing an order with the supplier is $15.

a. What is the economic order quantity?

b. What is the maximum inventory of IV solution bags?

c. What is the center’s average inventory of IV solution bags?

d. How often must the center order (in days)?

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July 1, 2023
    

 

71) Suppose the change in the government's debt-to-GDP ratio in a given year is 0.026. This figure tells us that the government's debt-to-GDP ratio has

A) fallen by 0.026%.

B) risen by 0.026%.

C) risen by 2.6 percentage points.

D) fallen by 2.6 percentage points.

E) risen by 0.026 percentage points.

72) Suppose the government's debt-to-GDP ratio on January 1 of Year 1 is 32%. The change in the debt-to-GDP ratio during Year 1 is -0.037. On January 1 of Year 2 the government's debt-to-GDP ratio is

A) 31.963%.

B) 32. 037%.

C) 28.3%.

D) 35.7%.

E) Not enough information to determine.

73) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 50%.

C) fallen by 50%.

D) risen by 0.5 percentage points.

E) fallen by 0.5 percentage points.

74) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) 82 percentage points.

B) 8.2 percentage points.

C) 0.82 percentage points.

D) 2.8 percentage points.

E) 0.28 percentage points.

75) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 0.2 percentage points.

C) fallen by 0.2 percentage points.

D) risen by 2 percentage points.

E) fallen by 2 percentage points.

76) Suppose that the real rate of interest on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its policy objective is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, it must

A) eliminate the overall deficit.

B) run an annually balanced budget.

C) run a cyclically balanced budget.

D) run a primary budget deficit.

E) run a primary budget surplus.

77) Suppose the government's objective is to hold its debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level of 30%. If the real interest rate on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%, the government must

A) run a primary budget deficit of 0.6% of GDP.

B) run an overall budget deficit of 6.0% of GDP.

C) run an overall budget surplus of 6.0% of GDP.

D) run a primary budget surplus of 0.6% of GDP.

E) balance the overall budget.

78) Suppose that the real rate of interest is 3% and the growth rate of real GDP is 1%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its goal is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, then it

A) must run a cyclically balanced budget.

B) must run an annually balanced budget.

C) must run a primary budget deficit.

D) must run a primary budget surplus.

E) must eliminate the overall deficit.

79) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is less than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

B) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

E) real GDP will certainly rise.

80) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is more than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

B) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

E) the effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio is uncertain.

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

71) Suppose the change in the government's debt-to-GDP ratio in a given year is 0.026. This figure tells us that the government's debt-to-GDP ratio has

A) fallen by 0.026%.

B) risen by 0.026%.

C) risen by 2.6 percentage points.

D) fallen by 2.6 percentage points.

E) risen by 0.026 percentage points.

72) Suppose the government's debt-to-GDP ratio on January 1 of Year 1 is 32%. The change in the debt-to-GDP ratio during Year 1 is -0.037. On January 1 of Year 2 the government's debt-to-GDP ratio is

A) 31.963%.

B) 32. 037%.

C) 28.3%.

D) 35.7%.

E) Not enough information to determine.

73) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 50%.

C) fallen by 50%.

D) risen by 0.5 percentage points.

E) fallen by 0.5 percentage points.

74) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) 82 percentage points.

B) 8.2 percentage points.

C) 0.82 percentage points.

D) 2.8 percentage points.

E) 0.28 percentage points.

75) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 0.2 percentage points.

C) fallen by 0.2 percentage points.

D) risen by 2 percentage points.

E) fallen by 2 percentage points.

76) Suppose that the real rate of interest on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its policy objective is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, it must

A) eliminate the overall deficit.

B) run an annually balanced budget.

C) run a cyclically balanced budget.

D) run a primary budget deficit.

E) run a primary budget surplus.

77) Suppose the government's objective is to hold its debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level of 30%. If the real interest rate on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%, the government must

A) run a primary budget deficit of 0.6% of GDP.

B) run an overall budget deficit of 6.0% of GDP.

C) run an overall budget surplus of 6.0% of GDP.

D) run a primary budget surplus of 0.6% of GDP.

E) balance the overall budget.

78) Suppose that the real rate of interest is 3% and the growth rate of real GDP is 1%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its goal is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, then it

A) must run a cyclically balanced budget.

B) must run an annually balanced budget.

C) must run a primary budget deficit.

D) must run a primary budget surplus.

E) must eliminate the overall deficit.

79) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is less than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

B) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

E) real GDP will certainly rise.

80) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is more than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

B) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

E) the effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio is uncertain.

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

71) Suppose the change in the government's debt-to-GDP ratio in a given year is 0.026. This figure tells us that the government's debt-to-GDP ratio has

A) fallen by 0.026%.

B) risen by 0.026%.

C) risen by 2.6 percentage points.

D) fallen by 2.6 percentage points.

E) risen by 0.026 percentage points.

72) Suppose the government's debt-to-GDP ratio on January 1 of Year 1 is 32%. The change in the debt-to-GDP ratio during Year 1 is -0.037. On January 1 of Year 2 the government's debt-to-GDP ratio is

A) 31.963%.

B) 32. 037%.

C) 28.3%.

D) 35.7%.

E) Not enough information to determine.

73) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 50%.

C) fallen by 50%.

D) risen by 0.5 percentage points.

E) fallen by 0.5 percentage points.

74) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) 82 percentage points.

B) 8.2 percentage points.

C) 0.82 percentage points.

D) 2.8 percentage points.

E) 0.28 percentage points.

75) Consider the following data about government debt and deficit in a given year:

A) remained unchanged.

B) risen by 0.2 percentage points.

C) fallen by 0.2 percentage points.

D) risen by 2 percentage points.

E) fallen by 2 percentage points.

76) Suppose that the real rate of interest on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its policy objective is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, it must

A) eliminate the overall deficit.

B) run an annually balanced budget.

C) run a cyclically balanced budget.

D) run a primary budget deficit.

E) run a primary budget surplus.

77) Suppose the government's objective is to hold its debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level of 30%. If the real interest rate on government bonds is 4% and the growth rate of real GDP is 2%, the government must

A) run a primary budget deficit of 0.6% of GDP.

B) run an overall budget deficit of 6.0% of GDP.

C) run an overall budget surplus of 6.0% of GDP.

D) run a primary budget surplus of 0.6% of GDP.

E) balance the overall budget.

78) Suppose that the real rate of interest is 3% and the growth rate of real GDP is 1%. If the government has a positive stock of outstanding debt and its goal is to hold the debt-to-GDP ratio constant at its current level, then it

A) must run a cyclically balanced budget.

B) must run an annually balanced budget.

C) must run a primary budget deficit.

D) must run a primary budget surplus.

E) must eliminate the overall deficit.

79) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is less than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

B) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

E) real GDP will certainly rise.

80) Consider a government with an outstanding stock of public debt. If, in any given year, the government has a primary budget surplus and the real interest rate on government bonds is more than the growth rate of real GDP, then

A) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly fall.

B) debt-service payments will be eliminated.

C) the debt-to-GDP ratio is certainly negative.

D) the debt-to-GDP ratio will certainly rise.

E) the effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio is uncertain.

 

 

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