11.Being certain that your measurements are consistent with your goals most strongly affects which of the following?
a.The validity of your assessment
b.The reliability of your assessment
c.The formalization of your assessment
d.The criterion-referencing of your assessment
12.The extent to which teachers gather information about their students that is consistent best describes:
a.authenticity.
b.reliability.
c.validity.
d.objectivity.
13.According to research, of the following, which type of teacher-made test is least reliable?
a.Essay
b.Completion
c.Multiple choice
d.True-false
14.Of the following, the best way to increase the reliability of an assessment is to:
a.make it longer.
b.make it more subjective.
c.make it an essay test.
d.use authentic assessment.
15.Of the following, a teacher can best increase the reliability of a paper-and-pencil assessment by:
a.increasing the difficulty level of the items.
b.increasing the number of items on the test.
c.changing the format from multiple choice to completion.
d.making the test about half essay and half objective in format.
16.Cheryl Poulos is philosophically opposed to tests with her third graders on the grounds that it puts undue stress on them. She assigns grades based on their responses in class, arguing, “I call on all the students regularly, and I can tell from their answers whether or not they understand the content.” Based on this information, which of the following is the most accurate statement?
a.Her assessments are likely to be valid but not reliable.
b.Her assessments are likely to be reliable but not valid.
c.Her assessments are likely to be both valid and reliable.
d.Her assessments are likely to be both invalid and unreliable.
17.Kathee Proctor doesn’t give language arts or math tests to her second graders. “I don’t see the need for them,” she argues. “I have particular things I want to see in their work, and I collect language arts writing papers a couple days a week, and I listen carefully to the way they answer math questions in class. I have plenty of information to use in assigning grades.” Based on this information, which of the following is the most accurate statement?
a.Her assessments are likely to be both valid and reliable.
b.Her assessments are likely to be valid but not reliable.
c.Her assessments are likely to be reliable but not valid.
d.Her assessments are likely to be both invalid and unreliable.
18.At Henderson Elementary School, grades are not assigned to kindergarten or first-grade students; instead, teachers check satisfactory or unsatisfactory. As a result, the teachers don’t use formal assessments, instead relying on their informal observations of the students’ behavior. Based on this information, which of the following is the most accurate statement?
a.Their assessments are likely to be valid but not reliable.
b.Their assessments are likely to be reliable but not valid.
c.Their assessments are likely to be both valid and reliable.
d.Their assessments are likely to be both invalid and unreliable.
Using the following vignette for items 19 and 20.
Gigi Parker is emphasizing grammatically correct writing and expression of thought in writing with her students. She has begun using portfolios, where systematic collections of her students’ work are placed for review and evaluation. She puts work samples in the portfolio at least three days a week, and she is careful to date the samples to help in assessing her students’ progress. In examining her students’ work, she checks for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and clear expression of thought, and she assigns grades on that basis.
19.If Gigi is consistent with patterns identified by research, which of the following is most likely?
a.Gigi is an elementary teacher.
b.Gigi is a middle school teacher.
c.Gigi is a high school teacher.
20.Based on the information about Gigi’s assessments, which of the following is the most accurate statement?
a.They are likely to be both reliable and valid.
b.They are likely to be reliable but not valid.
c.They are likely to be valid but not reliable.
d.They are likely to be both invalid and unreliable.
