Chapter 1
The Sociological Imagination
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Sociology is the scientific study of
a. human activity in society.
b. mental processes.
c. people.
d. multiple personalities.
2. From a sociological point of view, a ________ is the day-to-day activities from birth to death that make up a person’s life.
a. social fact
b. sociological imagination
c. biography
d. autobiography
3. Emile Durkheim defined social facts as
a. census statistics.
b. having the remarkable property of existing outside the individual.
c. fundamentally psychological.
d. things we know to be true.
4. Only when people _________________ do they come to know the power of social facts.
a. grow older
b. cooperate
c. comply
d. rebel against the established ways of doing things
5. Durkheim wrote that he was not forced to speak French or to use the legal currency, but it was impossible for him to do otherwise. Durkheim was writing about
a. mechanical solidarity.
b. social relativity.
c. social facts.
d. social interaction.
6. Durkheim wrote, “Even when, in fact, I can struggle free from these rules and successfully break them, it is never without being forced to fight against them.” This statement is a reference to
a. mechanical solidarity.
b. social relativity.
c. social facts.
d. social interaction.
7. “Because I refuse to shave under my arms, I have to pay a price. On a personal level, this price was my mother’s hostility. On a public level, the price is dealing with the stares of strangers.” This statement illustrates
a. mechanical solidarity.
b. social relativity.
c. the power of social facts.
d. the idea of double consciousness.
8. A woman writes, “I can’t be anything but what my skin color tells people I am. I am black because I look black. It does not matter that my family has a complicated biological heritage.” She is writing about the power of
a. social facts.
b. troubles.
c. the sociological imagination.
d. rationalization.
9. An American traveling to Ghana, Africa, on business notices that the “men, including the men I was with, hold hands. One day one of the men I was with took my hand as we walked. In order not to offend him, I took his hand in mine.” The American is responding to a(n)
a. trouble.
b. issue.
c. social fact.
d. traditional action.
10. Sociologists argue that people fall in love
a. when they experience a violent, irresistible attraction to another person.
b. only once in the course of a lifetime.
c. when certain conditions are met.
d. with people like themselves.
11. In examining patterns of courtship and marriage, sociologists would emphasize which of the following in shaping a couple’s decision to marry?
a. the personalities of the couples
b. the importance of love
c. personal preferences
d. social considerations such as age, sex, race, income, etc.
12. Peter L. Berger equates the sociologist with
a. a curious observer who, walking down the neighborhood streets of a large city, is fascinated with what he or she cannot see taking place behind the building walls.
b. an Internal Revenue Service auditor.
c. a judge giving instructions to a jury.
d. a talk show host interviewing guests.
13. Peter Berger argues that the logic of sociology presupposes a measure of suspicion about the way in which human events are officially interpreted by authorities. This suspicion speaks to __________, which defines the sociological consciousness.
a. solidarity
b. the debunking motif
c. rationalization
d. false consciousness
14. “The fascination of sociology lies in the fact that its perspective makes us see in a new light the very world in which we have lived all our lives.” This vision of sociology can be attributed to
a. Peter Berger.
b. Emile Durkheim.
c. C. Wright Mills.
d. W.E.B. DuBois.
15. The number of mobile phones per 1,000 people in the U.S. has increased steadily each year since the introduction of the mobile phone in 1985. A sociologist studying these rates would
a. agree that mobile phones are necessary.
b. think about the forces behind this increase in mobile phone use.
c. contemplate the individual reasons for owning a mobile phone.
d. wonder how cell phone manufacturers keep up with demand.
16. Currents of opinion are broadly reflected in
a. personal biographies.
b. rates summarizing various behaviors.
c. advertisements.
d. newspaper headlines.
17. Suicide rates represent one example of what Durkheim would call
a. social statics.
b. toubles.
c. social dynamics.
d. currents of opinion.
18. The quality of mind that enables us to connect seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces to the most basic incidents of an individual’s life is
a. the sociological imagination.
b. the structure of opportunities.
c. independent thinking.
d. common sense.
19. The payoff for those who possess _____________ is that they can understand their inner life in terms of institutional arrangements and larger historical forces.
a. the sociological imagination
b. common sense
c. independent thinking
d. a sense of self
20. A trouble is
a. an issue.
b. deeply and significantly social.
c. caused by character flaws.
d. outside an individual’s control.
21. Unemployment is a(n) __________ when it results from corporate downsizing.
a. issue
b. trouble
c. private matter
d. social fact
22. Which of the following explanations would someone use to explain an issue?
a. “She had the opportunity but didn’t take it.”
b. “He is lazy.”
c. “There is a flaw or breakdown in an institutional arrangement.”
d. “She didn’t try very hard in school.”
23. When in a nation of 50 million employees, 15 million are unemployed, that is
a. an issue.
b. a trouble.
c. a series of private troubles.
d. a result of basic character flaws.
24. The high school dropout rate in the United States is greater than 25 percent. C. Wright Mills would classify this situation as
a. a trouble.
b. an issue.
c. value-rational action.
d. a social fact.
25. The obesity rate in the United States is greater than 30 percent. According to Mills, the key to resolving this issue involves focusing on
a. the character flaws of the 92 million plus Americans who are obese.
b. ways to increase the motivation of obese Americans.
c. understanding the underlying social forces that contributed to the current obesity rate.
d. greater awareness of nutritional guidelines.
26. The resolution of an issue involves changing
a. institutions.
b. individual character.
c. motivation level.
d. human nature.
27. The sociologist __________ is associated with the concepts “troubles” and “issues.”
a. Karl Marx
b. Robert K. Merton
c. C. Wright Mills
d. Emile Durkheim
28. Sociologists do not define the cause of unemployment simply in terms of individual shortcomings because
a. profit-generating strategies include laying off employees.
b. people may decide to quit their jobs.
c. employees have the power to stay if they really want to.
d. most people are good workers.
29. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of an issue?
a. An issue is a public matter.
b. An issue is caused by flaws in institutional structures.
c. The cause of an issue can be traced to personal weaknesses.
d. Issues transcend the life of any one individual.
30. Sociologist C. Wright Mills believed that people, in order to gain some sense of control over their lives, need
a. to keep up with the news.
b. regular breaks from their hectic schedule.
c. a quality of mind to help them grasp the interplay between their biographies and institutional arrangements.
d. to take personal responsibility for their actions.
31. The sociological imagination allows a person to
a. see the connection between self and immediate relationships.
b. distinguish between mechanical and organic solidarity.
c. see that problems can be solved by changing the character of the individual.
d. make a distinction between troubles and issues.
32. The addition of external sources of power from burning coals and oil to hand tools and modes of transportation is
a. standardization.
b. affective action.
c. modernization.
d. mechanization.
33. The __________ refers to a time of the most rapid colonial expansion in history.
a. Age of Reason
b. Age of Imperialism
c. Middle Ages
d. European Century
34. The period in history known as the Age of Imperialism (1880-1914)
a. was one of the most peaceful periods in modern history.
b. represents the most rapid colonial expansion in history.
c. preceded the period in history known as the Industrial Revolution.
d. corresponds with the Cold War between the United States and the former Soviet Union.
35. One fundamental feature of the Industrial Revolution is
a. craftsmanship.
b. solidarity.
c. manual labor.
d. mechanization.
36. The Industrial Revolution transformed the nature of work in which one of the following ways?
a. Machine production was replaced by hand production.
b. People now could say, “I made this; this is a unique product of my labor.”
c. Products became standardized, and workers performed specific tasks in the production process.
d. The workers’ power over the production process increased dramatically.
37. “Within a few decades, a social order that had existed for centuries vanished, and a new one, familiar in its outline to us in the twentieth century, appeared.” This assessment applies to which historical event?
a. European colonization
b. the Industrial Revolution
c. the Cold War
d. the emergence of sociology
38. The early sociologists spent most of their professional life attempting to understand the consequences of which one of the following events?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. the Industrial Revolution
d. the Enlightenment
39. The name sociology and the corresponding academic discipline was born during the
a. American Revolution.
b. Civil War.
c. Vietnam era.
d. Industrial Revolution.
40. Who invented the term sociology?
a. Auguste Comte
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Max Weber
d. Karl Marx
41. In addition to the Industrial Revolution, which one of the following helps to explain the emergence of sociology as a discipline?
a. mechanization
b. the widespread acceptance of the scientific method
c. the Age of Imperialism
d. rationalization
42. Auguste Comte defined sociology as the scientific study of the collective and cumulative results of the human intellect. The words collective and cumulative suggest that sociology involves the study of
a. people and history.
b. social and psychological forces.
c. social interactions across cultures and throughout time.
d. the mind and body.
43. The Communist Manifesto is associated with
a. W.E.B. DuBois.
b. Karl Marx.
c. Emile Durkheim.
d. Max Weber.
44. Marx’s legacy has been obscured by
a. his inability to accurately describe capitalism.
b. a personality disorder.
c. the failure of Communism.
d. the fact that he published in German (not English).
45. The Communist Manifesto begins with the line
a. “A specter is haunting Europe—the specter of Communism.”
b. “Workers of all countries, unite.”
c. “I am not a Marxist.”
d. “The global economy is restless, anxious, and competitive.”
46. Karl Marx described capitalism in all but which one of the following ways?
a. a boundless thirst
b. a werewolf-like hunger
c. socially conscious
d. blood-sucking
47. With mechanization, the rise of two distinct classes emerged. The one that owns the means of production is called
a. the proletariat.
b. the bourgeoisie.
c. socialists.
d. communists.
48. According to Karl Marx, the character of class conflict is shaped directly and profoundly by
a. social facts.
b. solidarity.
c. the means of production.
d. sociological imagination.
49. Land, tools, equipment, factories, modes of transportation, and labor are
a. owned by the proletariat.
b. part of the means of production.
c. essential for providing services.
d. owned by the intellectual classes.
50. In his writings, Karl Marx expressed profound moral outrage over the plight of the
a. bourgeoisie.
b. middle class.
c. proletariat.
d. intellectual class.
51. Marx believed that ________ was the first economic system that could maximize the immense productive potential of human labor and ingenuity.
a. capitalism
b. socialism
c. communism
d. democracy
52. Durkheim observed that as a society industrialized,
a. class conflict increased.
b. value-rational action guided behavior.
c. the means of production shaped life chances.
d. ties that bound individuals to one another changed in profound ways.
53. _________________ is the author of Suicide.
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Karl Marx
c. W.E.B. DuBois
d. Max Weber
54. From a sociological perspective, suicide is
a. an act of intentionally killing oneself.
b. the result of personal disappointment and sorrow.
c. self-hatred actualized.
d. the severing of relationships.
55. The term ___________________ describes a state in which ties attaching individuals to others in the society are weak.
a. egoistic
b. altruistic
c. anomic
d. fatalistic
56. ___________________ suicide occurs when people kill themselves because they have been cast into a lower status.
a. Egoistic
b. Altruistic
c. Anomic
d. Fatalistic
57. ___________________ suicide occurs when individuals kill themselves because they see their futures as hopelessly blocked.
a. Egoistic
b. Altruistic
c. Anomic
d. Fatalistic
58. When people commit __________ suicide, it is on behalf of the group they love more than themselves.
a. egoistic
b. altruistic
c. anomic
d. fatalistic
59. When people are cast into a lower status, they must reduce their requirements, restrain their needs, and practice self-control. This situation describes a(n) ______ situation.
a. egoistic
b. altruistic
c. anomic
d. fatalistic
60. During World War II, Japanese pilots committed suicide by flying small planes into targets. This suicide would qualify as
a. egoistic.
b. altruistic.
c. anomic.
d. fatalistic.
61. A quilt maker may work years creating a one-of-a-kind object from fabrics saved or purchased and then give it to a special person. Weber would classify the quilt maker’s actions as driven by
a. rationalization.
b. specialization.
c. an emotion, such as love, loyalty, or revenge.
d. value-rational motives.
62. Max Weber focused on the Industrial Revolution and its effect on
a. the means of production.
b. social actions.
c. ties that bind individuals to one another.
d. the color line.
63. Weber maintained that with industrialization, behavior was less likely to be guided by __________ and more likely to be instrumental-rational.
a. efficiency or expediency
b. subjective meaning
c. tradition or emotion
d. rational thought
64. Max Weber maintained that the sociologist’s task was to focus on
a. social facts.
b. social action.
c. the broad reasons people pursue goals.
d. debunking “reality.”
65. If an individual pursues a college degree because everyone in his or her family going back five generations is college-educated, the action can be classified as
a. traditional.
b. affectional.
c. value-rational.
d. instrumental rational
66. If an individual pursues college for the love and pleasure of learning, the action is
a. traditional.
b. affectional.
c. value-rational.
d. instrumental.
67. If an individual pursues a college degree taking the easiest classes and paying people to write essays and papers, the action is classified as
a. traditional.
b. affectional.
c. value-rational.
d. instrumental rational.
68. W.E.B. DuBois coined the phrase
a. the “ties that bind people to one another.”
b. the “strange meaning of being black.”
c. the “means of production.”
d. the “course and consequences of social action.”
69. ________________ is the sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others and of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity.
a. The sociological imagination
b. A trouble
c. An issue
d. Double consciousness
70. W.E.B. DuBois described the American Negro as “two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep its from being torn asunder.” DuBois was describing
a. the sociological imagination.
b. a trouble.
c. an issue.
d. double consciousness.
71. W.E.B. Dubois traced the _________ to the scramble for Africa’s resources, beginning with the slave trade.
a. color line
b. double consciousness
c. troubles
d. disenchantment
72. DuBois wrote that the world was able “to endure this horrible tragedy by deliberately stopping its ears and changing the subject in conversation.” The tragedy was
a. the scramble for Africa’s resources, including the slave trade.
b. double consciousness.
c. mechanization, which left people without jobs.
d. the carnage of World War I and World War II.
73. Which one of the following classical sociologists is credited with founding Hull House?
a. Karl Marx
b. Jane Addams
c. Emile Durkheim
d. W.E.B. DuBois
74. ______________ is first-hand knowledge gained by living and working among those being studied.
a. Solidarity
b. Social research
c. Sympathetic knowledge
d. Double consciousness
75. Jane Addams maintained that Hull House
a. was overall a failed experiment in social engineering.
b. could not address the needs of the working poor.
c. Was analogous to a community college.
d. was the equivalent of an applied university.
76. If scientists discover how to control the aging mechanisms and human life expectancy increases to 150 years, the category of people best able to give insights about the consequence of this change would be
a. the early sociologists.
b. those born after this discovery is made.
c. those who live both before and after the discovery.
d. those born a century or more after the discovery.
77. Who believed that the sociologist’s task is to study social facts?
a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Jane Addams
d. W.E.B. DuBois
78. Which sociologist believed that every historical period is characterized by a system of production that gives rise to specific types of confrontation between an exploiting and an exploited class?
a. Karl Marx
b. Max Weber
c. Jane Addams
d. W.E.B. DuBois
79. Which sociologist maintained that the sociologist’s task is to analyze and explain the course and the consequences of social action?
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Max Weber
c. Jane Addams
d. W.E.B. DuBois
80. Which sociologist recommended that “Knowing one another better reinforces the common connection of people such that the potential for caring and empathetic moral actions increase”?
a. Karl Marx
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Max Weber
d. Jane Addams
81. Who maintained that “The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line”?
a. Karl Marx
b. Max Weber
c. Jane Addams
d. W.E.B. DuBois
82. “The workers have nothing to lose but their chains; they have a whole world to gain. Workers of all countries unite.” These famous lines were expressed by
a. Karl Marx.
b. Emile Durkheim.
c. Max Weber.
d. W.E.B. DuBois.
83. _________ argued that capitalism has unleashed “wonders far surpassing Egyptian pyramids, Roman aqueducts, and Gothic cathedrals.”
a. Karl Marx
b. Max Weber
c. Jane Addams
d. W.E.B. DuBois
84. In analyzing the mobile phone, Emile Durkheim would most likely focus on
a. the potential of the mobile phone to strengthen and cultivate ties by allowing people to connect 24/7.
b. the means of production as it relates to wireless phones.
c. the ways in which people embrace or reject mobile phones as a way of achieving goals.
d. the ‘scramble’ for the resources needed to produce mobile phones and the ways in which non-European labor is exploited in the process.
ANS: A SEC: The Industrial Revolution TYP: comprehension SOURCE: new
85. In analyzing the mobile phone, Max Weber would most likely focus on
a. the potential of the mobile phone to strengthen and cultivate ties by allowing people to connect 24/7.
b. the means of production as it relates to wireless phones.
c. the ways in which people embrace or reject mobile phones as a way of achieving goals.
d. the ‘scramble’ for the resources needed to produce mobile phones and the ways in which non-European labor is exploited in the process.
86. In analyzing the mobile phone, Karl Marx would most likely focus on
a. the potential of the mobile phone to strengthen and cultivate ties by allowing people to connect 24/7.
b. the means of production as it relates to wireless phones.
c. the ways in which people embrace or reject mobile phones as a way of achieving goals.
d. the ‘scramble’ for the resources needed to produce mobile phones and the ways in which non-European labor is exploited in the process.
87. Which one of the following assumptions corresponds to a global perspective?
a. Social interaction stops at national borders.
b. Globalization is a relatively new phenomenon.
c. Local events shape the individual biography.
d. Globally established social arrangements that we never see deliver products and services.
88. The situation in which social activity transcends national borders and in which one country’s problems are part of a larger global situation is known as
a. global dependency.
b. globalization.
c. global interdependence.
d. global perspective.
89. Which one of the following statements would be most likely to convince an employer of the worth of a sociology degree?
a. “I like people, and sociology is about people.”
b. “I want to work with people. That is why I majored in sociology.”
c. “I didn’t have to take a statistics course.”
d. “Among other things, a degree in sociology helps me to identify and project population trends.”
90. The distinctiveness of the sociological perspective lies with its focus on
a. suicide.
b. the individual.
c. social forces.
d. troubles.
91. The sociological perspective offers but which one of the following analytical skills?
a. The ability to anticipate intended and unintended consequences of policies, practices, and technologies
b. The ability to use the methods of social research to recognize and provide useful information
c. The ability to focus on the individual without regard to the social context
d. The ability to avoid using superficial knowledge or personal bias as a basis for making decisions and recommendations that affect others.
True/False Questions
1. The mobile phone has made communication easier, but has changed little about the way people relate to one another.
2. The power of social facts is evident only when people resist them.
3. The quality of mind that allows people to see how remote and impersonal social forces shape their life story or biography is known as sympathetic knowledge.
4. Sociologists study rates (of marriage, mobile phone ownership, savings, etc) to understand the social pressures forcing people to behave or think in certain ways.
5. Sociologists maintain that love is a violent, irresistible emotion that strikes someone at random.
6. Sociologists view the emotion of love as irrelevant in explaining why people marry.
7. From a sociological perspective, high unemployment can be solved by changing the negative attitudes of the unemployed.
8. From a sociological perspective, the obesity rate in the United States is directly tied to individual motivation and desire to lose weight.
9. Sociologist C. Wright Mills argues that most people cannot or do not want to see how their successes connect to others’ failures.
10. Issues can only be resolved by addressing the social forces that created them.
11. The connection between troubles and issues is evident when a seemingly personal problem would not exist if the person lived in another time in history or another place in the world.
12. Industrialization changed the nature of work, but little else.
13. The most fundamental feature of industrialization was mechanization.
14. The changes triggered by the Industrial Revolution are incalculable.
15. Sociology emerged as an effort to understand the immeasurable effects of the Industrial Revolution on human life across the globe.
16. Emile Durkheim invented the term sociology.
17. The forces that cause societies to change are known as social dynamics
18. In a capitalist system, the search for profit drives global expansion.
19. For Marx, conflict prevents social change.
20. In analyzing suicide rates, Durkheim emphasized the personal situation of the victim.
21. Durkheim was able to describe a central emotional quality common to all suicides.
22. Max Weber was preoccupied with the “strange meaning of being black” in America.
23. Max Weber maintained that the sociologist’s task was to study social action.
24. DuBois believed that the problem of the twentieth century was the problem of the color line.
25. DuBois’ preoccupation with the “strange meaning of being black” was no doubt affected by the fact that he was of French, African, and Dutch descent.
26. Globalization is a relatively new phenomenon, which can be traced to the 1990s.
27. Globalization only has economic implications.
28. The characteristic that distinguishes sociology from other disciplines is the perspective sociologists employ in studying any topic.
29. An understanding of the sociological perspective offers few ‘real world’ benefits.
30. A degree in sociology leads to very few career tracks.
Concept Application (also in study guide)
Consider the concepts listed below. Match one or more of the concepts with each scenario. Explain your choices.
a. Anomic
b. Double consciousness
c. Troubles/Issues
d. Social fact
e. Currents of opinion
Scenario 1
“A 4-year-old Texas boy is being taught in isolation from the rest of his classmates—and faces an even harsher punishment—for not cutting his hair to conform to the school district’s grooming code. Taylor Pugh now works one-on-one with a teacher’s aide during the school day at his pre-kindergarten; the suburban Dallas district says next week he’ll be working alone at a desk in a school office. School rules say hair can’t extend below the earlobes and must be kept out of boys’ eyes; the district offered to lift the isolation that Taylor’s faced since November if he keeps it in tight braids. The family’s tried that in the past, his father contends, and it caused Taylor’s scalp to break and bleed. In any case, Delton Pugh, who’s looking for a lawyer, tells the Morning News, “there is no reason he should have to cut his hair.” (McCahill 2010)
Scenario 2
“Celebrities aren’t the only ones giving their babies unusual names. Compared with decades ago, parents are choosing less common names for kids, which could suggest an emphasis on uniqueness and individualism, according to new research. Essentially, today’s kids (and later adults) will stand out from classmates. For instance, in the 1950s, the average first-grade class of 30 children would have had at least one boy named James (top name in 1950), while in 2013, six classes will be necessary to find only one Jacob, even though that was the most common boys’ name in 2007. The researchers suspect the uptick of unusual baby names could be a sign of a change in culture from one that applauded fitting in to today’s emphasis on being unique and standing out.” (Bryner 2010)
Scenario 3
“Excerpts from a suicide letter suggest that Kevin Morrissey, a 51-year-old Berkeley man, killed his family in a murder-suicide this week because he was at a “financial breaking point” as the family skin-care business failed and because he found other work opportunities “unattractive” (Rayburn and Hill 2007).
Scenario 4
“Black Soldiers in Jim Crow Texas introduces readers to African American soldiers who were assigned to one of four black regiments (9th and 10th Cavalries and 24th and 25th Infantries). Not only did these men bear arms and fight gallantly in the Spanish-American War, but at times, they used their military weapons in struggles for racial equality in the United States as well. More than three decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, black soldiers grew intolerant of ‘racial slurs, refusal of service at some businesses, and harassment.’ Texas’s ‘lower-status Hispanics, the bulk of the population…shared southern white prejudice against blacks. The war with Spain in 1898,’ Christian asserts, ‘acted as a catalyst that converted impatience into retaliation. The United States bestowed six Medals of Honor and twenty-six Certificates of Merit on their members, and all four regiments inspired laudatory press coverage.’ Yet these men faced the indignities of racism when serving at military installations in the United States” (Moore 1996:478).
Scenario 5
On the progressive care unit where she works, nurses regularly have five or more patients. Over the years, hospital procedures with which nurses assist have become more complicated, and patients are sicker. Brandon said there are not always enough nurses to go around. “You get your running shoes on, take off, and go,” Brandon said. “The current nursing shortage is just beginning in Wyoming,” said Julie Cann-Taylor, registered nurse and director of critical care at the hospital. “There had been a nursing vacancy rate of 3 to 4 percent at the hospital for years, but it jumped to 7 percent last fall,” she said. Matt Kaiser, director of human resources at the hospital, said there are about 40 registered nurse positions available, creating a vacancy rate of about 11 percent (Rupp 2007).
Short Essay Questions
1. Why focus on mobile phones in a chapter introducing sociology as a discipline?
2. What is sociology? What do sociologists study?
3. What is the sociological imagination?
- Durkheim maintains that the sociologist’s task is to study social facts. What are social facts? When do people experience the power of social facts?
5. What are currents of opinion? What does studying rates of behavior reveal?
6. In the classic book Invitation to Sociology, Peter L. Berger presents sociology as a form of consciousness. Explain.
7. In studying patterns of courtship and marriage, what would sociologists emphasize?
- Peter Berger maintains that a “debunking motif” defines the sociological consciousness. Explain.
9. Distinguish between troubles and issues. Give an example of how a personal problem is connected to some larger social force.
10. What major historical event shaped the discipline of sociology? Why?
11. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the nature of work and social
12. Who was Auguste Comte? What is he known for?
13. Explain the law of three stages.
14. If Comte were alive today what features of the mobile phone would he emphasize?
15. For which writing is Marx most famous? What were the key points of that writing?
16. Who are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat? How are they connected to the means of production?
17. How does the capitalist system promote change?
18. If Marx were alive today, how would he write about mobile phones?
- What is solidarity?
- How did Durkheim define suicide?
21. Distinguish between egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic suicide.
22. If Durkheim were alive today, how would he write about mobile phones?
23. What is social action? What are the four types? Give an example of each.
24. If Weber were alive today, how would he write about mobile phones?
25. Explain the phrase “strange meaning of being black.” What life experience may have influenced DuBois’ preoccupation with this phrase?
26. According to DuBois, how did the color line come into being?
27. If DuBois were alive today, how would he write about mobile phones?
28. What is double consciousness?
29. Who is Jane Addams? What contributions did she make to sociology?
30. If Addams were alive today, how would she write about mobile phones?
31. What are the four positions on globalization?
32. Describe three assumptions that underlie the global perspective.
33. Imagine that you majored in sociology. How would you explain the usefulness of the sociological perspective? What skills would you bring to the workplace?
Comprehensive Essay Questions
1. Think about a problem or challenge you are facing or have faced or one that someone close to you is facing or has faced. Describe that problem or challenge: (1) as if it were an issue and (2) as if it were a trouble.
2. Durkheim defines social facts as ideas, feelings, and ways of behaving that possess the remarkable property of existing outside the consciousness of the individual. Explain. Give two examples of social facts.
3. Why is the Industrial Revolution considered pivotal to the development of sociology as a discipline?
