Masters level response by 11:30 with one reference each

Uncategorized

1. IP v6 has a couple of advantages over IP v4. The first one being the address length is 128 bits, over 32 bits in v4. Multicasting allows, “Multiple destinations in a single send operation.” (ipv6.com, 2013) This allows for one to many communications over a network. This allows only one packet to be sent, and be sent to multiple receivers. A v6 packet has a header and a payload. The header has a fixed portion, containing the source and destination addresses, hop counter, and any classifying information. The address is eight groups of 16-bit values; shown as 4 hexidecimal digits. The biggest reason for v6 is that there was a need for more IP addresses and helps route the numerous packets over each network. The three types of addresses are unicast, multicast, and anycast.

One of the greatest changes in Internet usage in recent years has been the onset of high bandwidth video streaming services such as Hulu, Netflix, and Amazon streaming media. Although a notably larger number of American homes have access to higher bandwidth connections such as cable and 4G wireless speeds, the underlying infrastructure of the Internet remains largely the same as it has been for many years (Pandya, 2009). In Huston’s article, the concept known as ‘jitter’ is used to allow TCP traffic to adjust the packet delivery rate to compensate for data flow between endpoints on the greater WAN. In the case of streaming providers, it seems logical to assume that most consumers would see a higher amount of buffering than would be acceptable for such a service, especially from users of cellular networks.

Although I was not able to find anything specific about how these various streaming applications are configured to accommodate jitter, I can make some inferences. In the case of streaming content from Windows Media Player, transmission is usually based largely on UDP traffic as opposed to TCP traffic (Li, Claypool, & Kinicki, 2002). In order for the stream to appear virtually seamless, it seems to indicate that the application or the server which sends the stream to the client has some sort of traffic analysis that may even pre-buffer content to reduce traffic bottlenecks. According to Li, Claypool, and Kinicki’s research regarding the differences between Media Player and Real Player, their research seemed indicative that the RealPlayer software itself managed the MTU of streaming traffic to limit the actual TCP stream from being buffered. It seems plausible, then, that the software client used by streaming providers may have a similar system in place which has allowed them to successfully deliver high-bandwidth video without a large amount of traffic breaks.

Continue to order Get a quote

July 1, 2023

9.1 The United States in the International Economy

1) Following the tariff imposed on Chinese tires, some businesspeople correctly argued that the U.S. tariff would result in

A) China retaliating by raising tariffs on some U.S. exports.

B) China halting the sale of all products in the United States.

C) U.S. firms never being able to meet the demand for U.S.-produced tires.

D) the government demanding price cuts from U.S. tire manufacturers.

2) Workers in industries protected by tariffs and quotas are likely to support these trade restrictions because

A) they do not want to offend their employers who want them.

B) politicians lobby to convince workers the restrictions will make them better off.

C) they believe the restrictions will protect their jobs.

D) they don't understand that the restrictions will threaten their jobs.

3) The intention of the U.S. tariff on Chinese tires was to

A) protect jobs in the U. S. tire industry.

B) protect infant industries in tire U.S. tire market.

C) insure that Chinese tires meet U.S. quality and safety standards.

D) save the government money by restricting the sale of more expensive Chinese-made tires.

4) In the 1930s, the United States charged an average tariff rate ________. Today, the rate is ________.

A) of 100 percent; 20 percent

B) above 50 percent; less than 1.5 percent

C) of less than 10 percent; over 40 percent

D) of 17 percent; 33 percent

5) A tariff is a tax imposed by a government on

A) exports.

B) services.

C) imports.

D) luxury items.

6) Goods and services bought domestically but produced in other countries are referred to as

A) exports.

B) imports.

C) transfer payments.

D) foreign consumption.

7) Exports are domestically produced goods and services

A) sold to other countries.

B) sold to the government.

C) sold at home.

D) which are used to produce other goods and services.

8) When Roxanne, a U.S. citizen, purchases a designer dress from Barneys of New York that was made in Milan, the purchase is

A) both a U.S. and an Italian import.

B) a U.S. import and an Italian export.

C) a U.S. export and an Italian import.

D) neither an export nor an import for either country.

9) When BMW, a German company, purchases a welding machine that was made in Toronto, the purchase is

A) both a German and a Canadian import.

B) a German import and a Canadian export.

C) a German export and a Canadian import.

D) neither an export nor an import for either country.

10) Which of the following statements about the importance of trade to the U.S. economy is true?

A) Since 1950, both exports and imports have steadily decreased as a fraction of U.S. gross domestic product.

B) Overall, about 80 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs depend directly or indirectly on exports.

C) The United States is the second largest exporter in the world.

D) The U.S. economy is highly dependent on international trade for growth in its gross domestic product.