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quality-management viewpoint | Information Systems homework help

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Required: 350- to 700-word paper summarizing the basics of that viewpoint including highlighting at least one of the key figures related to that viewpoint.

 

Quality-Management Viewpoint

 

 

Can the quality-management viewpoint offer guidelines for true managerial success?

THE BIG PICTURE

The quality-management viewpoint, the third category under contemporary perspectives, consists of quality control, quality assurance, and especially the movement of total quality management (TQM), dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction.

In 1971, in his book Wheels, author Arthur Hailey advised Americans not to buy cars that were assembled on Mondays or Fridays—days when cars supposedly suffered from quality problems because they were put together when absenteeism and hangovers were highest among dissatisfied autoworkers. Although cars are not built all in one day (various parts are built at different times) and are not stamped with a “birth date,” Hailey’s claim reinforced the notion that, despite the efforts of quantitative management, the American cars produced on those days were the most shoddily made of what were coming to look like generally shoddy products.

The energy crisis of the 1970s showed different possibilities, as Americans began to buy more fuel-efficient, better-built cars made in Japan. Today the average American car lasts much longer than it used to, and some U.S. cars are equal or superior to the best foreign competitors—for example, the 2014 Cadillac CTS 3.6 beat the 2014 Mercedes-Benz E350, according to one automotive review.53

Although not a “theory” as such, the quality-management viewpoint, which includes quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management, deserves to be considered because of its impact on contemporary management perspectives.

Quality Control & Quality Assurance

Quality refers to the total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs. Quality is seen as one of the most important ways of adding value to products and services, thereby distinguishing them from those of competitors. Two traditional strategies for ensuring quality are quality control and quality assurance.

Quality ControlQuality control is defined as the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production. Quality control techniques were developed in the 1930s at Bell Telephone Labs by Walter Shewart, who used statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some (rather than all) of the items in a particular production run.

Quality Assurance Developed in the 1960s, quality assurance focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for “zero defects.” Quality assurance has been less successful because often employees have no control over the design of the work process.

TQM: What It Is From the work of Deming and Juran has come the strategic commitment to quality known as total quality management. Total quality management (TQM) is a comprehensive approach—led by top management and supported throughout the organization—dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction.

The four components of TQM are as follows:

1.  Make continuous improvement a priority. TQM companies are never satisfied. They make small, incremental improvements an everyday priority in all areas of the organization. By improving everything a little bit of the time all the time, the company can achieve long-term quality, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.

2.  Get every employee involved. To build teamwork, trust, and mutual respect, TQM companies see that every employee is involved in the continuous improvement process. This requires that workers must be trained and empowered to find and solve problems.

3.  Listen to and learn from customers and employees. TQM companies pay attention to their customers, the people who use their products or services. In addition, employees within the companies listen and learn from other employees, those outside their own work areas.

4.  Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems. TQM organizations are always alert to how competitors do things better, then try to improve on them—a process known as benchmarking. Using these standards, they apply statistical measurements to their own processes to identify problems.

Why Total Quality Management Is Important: The total quality management viewpoint emphasizes infusing concepts of quality throughout the total organization in a way that will deliver quality products and services to customers. The adoption of TQM helped American companies deal with global competition.

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July 1, 2023
    

 

101. On January 1, a company issued and sold a $400,000, 7%, 10-year bond payable, and received proceeds of $396,000. Interest is payable each June 30 and December 31. The company uses the straight-line method to amortize the discount. The journal entry to record the first interest payment is: 

A. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,000; credit Cash $14,000.

B. Debit Bond Interest Expense $28,000; credit Cash $28,000.

C. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,200; credit Cash $14,000; credit Discount on Bonds Payable $200.

D. Debit Bond Interest Expense $13,800; debit Discount on Bonds Payable $200; credit Cash $14,000.

E. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,000; debit Discount on Bonds Payable $200; credit Cash $14,200.

102. A company issued 5-year, 7% bonds with a par value of $100,000. The company received $97,947 for the bonds. Using the straight-line method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is: 

A. $3,294.70.

B. $3,500.00.

C. $3,705.30.

D. $7,000.00.

E. $7,410.60.

103. The effective interest amortization method: 

A. Allocates bond interest expense over the bond's life using a changing interest rate.

B. Allocates bond interest expense over the bond's life using a constant interest rate.

C. Allocates a decreasing amount of interest over the life of a discounted bond.

D. Allocates bond interest expense using the current market rate for each interest period.

E. Is not allowed by the FASB.

104. A company issued 7%, 5-year bonds with a par value of $100,000. The market rate when the bonds were issued was 7.5%. The company received $97,947 cash for the bonds. Using the effective interest method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is: 

A. $3,500.00.

B. $3,673.01.

C. $3,705.30.

D. $7,000.00.

E. $7,346.03.

105. The market value of a bond is equal to: 

A. The present value of all future cash payments provided by a bond.

B. The present value of all future interest payments provided by a bond.

C. The present value of the principal for an interest-bearing bond.

D. The future value of all future cash payments provided by a bond.

E. The future value of all future interest payments provided by a bond.

106. The Premium on Bonds Payable account is a(n): 

A. Revenue account.

B. Adjunct or accretion liability account.

C. Contra revenue account.

D. Contra asset account.

E. Contra liability account.

107. Adidas issued 10-year, 8% bonds with a par value of $200,000. Interest is paid semiannually. The market rate on the issue date was 7.5%. Adidas received $206,948 in cash proceeds. Which of the following statements is True? 

A. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity and no interest payments.

B. Adidas must pay $206,948 at maturity and no interest payments.

C. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $8,000 each.

D. Adidas must pay $206,948 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $8,000 each.

E. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $7,500 each.

108. A company received cash proceeds of $206,948 on a bond issue with a par value of $200,000. The difference between par value and issue price for this bond is recorded as a: 

A. Credit to Interest Income.

B. Credit to Premium on Bonds Payable.

C. Credit to Discount on Bonds Payable.

D. Debit to Premium on Bonds Payable.

E. Debit to Discount on Bonds Payable.

109. If an issuer sells bonds at a date other than an interest payment date: 

A. This means the bonds sell at a premium.

B. This means the bonds sell at a discount.

C. The issuing company will report a loss on the sale of the bonds.

D. The issuing company will report a gain on the sale of the bonds.

E. The buyers normally pay the issuer the purchase price plus any interest accrued since the prior interest payment date.

110. A company issues at par 9% bonds with a par value of $100,000 on April 1, which is 4 months after the most recent interest date. The cash received for accrued interest on April 1 by the bond issuer is: 

A. $750.

B. $5,250.

C. $1,500.

D. $3,000.

E. $6,000.

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

101. On January 1, a company issued and sold a $400,000, 7%, 10-year bond payable, and received proceeds of $396,000. Interest is payable each June 30 and December 31. The company uses the straight-line method to amortize the discount. The journal entry to record the first interest payment is: 

A. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,000; credit Cash $14,000.

B. Debit Bond Interest Expense $28,000; credit Cash $28,000.

C. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,200; credit Cash $14,000; credit Discount on Bonds Payable $200.

D. Debit Bond Interest Expense $13,800; debit Discount on Bonds Payable $200; credit Cash $14,000.

E. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,000; debit Discount on Bonds Payable $200; credit Cash $14,200.

102. A company issued 5-year, 7% bonds with a par value of $100,000. The company received $97,947 for the bonds. Using the straight-line method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is: 

A. $3,294.70.

B. $3,500.00.

C. $3,705.30.

D. $7,000.00.

E. $7,410.60.

103. The effective interest amortization method: 

A. Allocates bond interest expense over the bond's life using a changing interest rate.

B. Allocates bond interest expense over the bond's life using a constant interest rate.

C. Allocates a decreasing amount of interest over the life of a discounted bond.

D. Allocates bond interest expense using the current market rate for each interest period.

E. Is not allowed by the FASB.

104. A company issued 7%, 5-year bonds with a par value of $100,000. The market rate when the bonds were issued was 7.5%. The company received $97,947 cash for the bonds. Using the effective interest method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is: 

A. $3,500.00.

B. $3,673.01.

C. $3,705.30.

D. $7,000.00.

E. $7,346.03.

105. The market value of a bond is equal to: 

A. The present value of all future cash payments provided by a bond.

B. The present value of all future interest payments provided by a bond.

C. The present value of the principal for an interest-bearing bond.

D. The future value of all future cash payments provided by a bond.

E. The future value of all future interest payments provided by a bond.

106. The Premium on Bonds Payable account is a(n): 

A. Revenue account.

B. Adjunct or accretion liability account.

C. Contra revenue account.

D. Contra asset account.

E. Contra liability account.

107. Adidas issued 10-year, 8% bonds with a par value of $200,000. Interest is paid semiannually. The market rate on the issue date was 7.5%. Adidas received $206,948 in cash proceeds. Which of the following statements is True? 

A. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity and no interest payments.

B. Adidas must pay $206,948 at maturity and no interest payments.

C. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $8,000 each.

D. Adidas must pay $206,948 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $8,000 each.

E. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $7,500 each.

108. A company received cash proceeds of $206,948 on a bond issue with a par value of $200,000. The difference between par value and issue price for this bond is recorded as a: 

A. Credit to Interest Income.

B. Credit to Premium on Bonds Payable.

C. Credit to Discount on Bonds Payable.

D. Debit to Premium on Bonds Payable.

E. Debit to Discount on Bonds Payable.

109. If an issuer sells bonds at a date other than an interest payment date: 

A. This means the bonds sell at a premium.

B. This means the bonds sell at a discount.

C. The issuing company will report a loss on the sale of the bonds.

D. The issuing company will report a gain on the sale of the bonds.

E. The buyers normally pay the issuer the purchase price plus any interest accrued since the prior interest payment date.

110. A company issues at par 9% bonds with a par value of $100,000 on April 1, which is 4 months after the most recent interest date. The cash received for accrued interest on April 1 by the bond issuer is: 

A. $750.

B. $5,250.

C. $1,500.

D. $3,000.

E. $6,000.

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

101. On January 1, a company issued and sold a $400,000, 7%, 10-year bond payable, and received proceeds of $396,000. Interest is payable each June 30 and December 31. The company uses the straight-line method to amortize the discount. The journal entry to record the first interest payment is: 

A. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,000; credit Cash $14,000.

B. Debit Bond Interest Expense $28,000; credit Cash $28,000.

C. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,200; credit Cash $14,000; credit Discount on Bonds Payable $200.

D. Debit Bond Interest Expense $13,800; debit Discount on Bonds Payable $200; credit Cash $14,000.

E. Debit Bond Interest Expense $14,000; debit Discount on Bonds Payable $200; credit Cash $14,200.

102. A company issued 5-year, 7% bonds with a par value of $100,000. The company received $97,947 for the bonds. Using the straight-line method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is: 

A. $3,294.70.

B. $3,500.00.

C. $3,705.30.

D. $7,000.00.

E. $7,410.60.

103. The effective interest amortization method: 

A. Allocates bond interest expense over the bond's life using a changing interest rate.

B. Allocates bond interest expense over the bond's life using a constant interest rate.

C. Allocates a decreasing amount of interest over the life of a discounted bond.

D. Allocates bond interest expense using the current market rate for each interest period.

E. Is not allowed by the FASB.

104. A company issued 7%, 5-year bonds with a par value of $100,000. The market rate when the bonds were issued was 7.5%. The company received $97,947 cash for the bonds. Using the effective interest method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is: 

A. $3,500.00.

B. $3,673.01.

C. $3,705.30.

D. $7,000.00.

E. $7,346.03.

105. The market value of a bond is equal to: 

A. The present value of all future cash payments provided by a bond.

B. The present value of all future interest payments provided by a bond.

C. The present value of the principal for an interest-bearing bond.

D. The future value of all future cash payments provided by a bond.

E. The future value of all future interest payments provided by a bond.

106. The Premium on Bonds Payable account is a(n): 

A. Revenue account.

B. Adjunct or accretion liability account.

C. Contra revenue account.

D. Contra asset account.

E. Contra liability account.

107. Adidas issued 10-year, 8% bonds with a par value of $200,000. Interest is paid semiannually. The market rate on the issue date was 7.5%. Adidas received $206,948 in cash proceeds. Which of the following statements is True? 

A. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity and no interest payments.

B. Adidas must pay $206,948 at maturity and no interest payments.

C. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $8,000 each.

D. Adidas must pay $206,948 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $8,000 each.

E. Adidas must pay $200,000 at maturity plus 20 interest payments of $7,500 each.

108. A company received cash proceeds of $206,948 on a bond issue with a par value of $200,000. The difference between par value and issue price for this bond is recorded as a: 

A. Credit to Interest Income.

B. Credit to Premium on Bonds Payable.

C. Credit to Discount on Bonds Payable.

D. Debit to Premium on Bonds Payable.

E. Debit to Discount on Bonds Payable.

109. If an issuer sells bonds at a date other than an interest payment date: 

A. This means the bonds sell at a premium.

B. This means the bonds sell at a discount.

C. The issuing company will report a loss on the sale of the bonds.

D. The issuing company will report a gain on the sale of the bonds.

E. The buyers normally pay the issuer the purchase price plus any interest accrued since the prior interest payment date.

110. A company issues at par 9% bonds with a par value of $100,000 on April 1, which is 4 months after the most recent interest date. The cash received for accrued interest on April 1 by the bond issuer is: 

A. $750.

B. $5,250.

C. $1,500.

D. $3,000.

E. $6,000.

 

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