A college student is interested whether there is a difference between male and female students in the amount of time spending working out each week. The student gathers information from a random sample of male and female students on her campus. Amount of time spend working out is normally distributed. The data appear below.
Males Females 
7 5 
5 9 
9 8 
10 3 
6 10 
2 5 
4 9 

a) What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?

b) Identify Ho and Ha for this study.

c) Conduct the appropriate analysis.

d) Should Ho be rejected? What should the researcher conclude? 

e) If significant compute the effect size and interpret this.

A researcher believes exercise reduces anxiety in women. She identifies a group of women who had not exercised before but are now planning to begin exercising. She gives them a 50-item anxiety inventory before they begin exercising and administers it again after 6 months of exercising. The anxiety inventory is measured on an interval scale and higher numbers indicate higher anxiety. In addition, scores on the inventory are normally distributed. The scores appear below.
Before After 
46 44 
41 40 
42 39 
47 46 
43 42 
45 43 
a) What statistical test should be used to analyze these data? 

b) Identify Ho and Ha for this study. 

c) Conduct the appropriate analysis. 

d) Should Ho be rejected? What should the researcher conclude? 

e) If significant, compute the effect size and interpret this.

A researcher is interested in comparing the self-esteem of students who volunteer for community service versus those who do not. The researcher assumes that those who complete community service will have higher self-esteem scores. Self-esteem scores tend to be skewed (not normally distributed). The self-esteem scores appear below. Higher scores indicate higher self-esteem levels.
No Community
Service Community Service 
33 41 
41 48 
54 61 
13 72 
22 83 
26 55 
a) What statistical test should be used to analyze these data? 

b) Identify H0 and Ha for this study. 
c) Conduct the appropriate analysis. 
d) Should H0 be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?

You noticed in a training class that it appears that more men tend to sit near the door and more women opposite the door. In order to determine whether this difference is significant, you collect data on the seating preferences for the students in your class. The data appears below:

Males Females 
Near the Door 25 14 
Opposite the Door 12 20 

a) What is the statistical test that should be used to analyze these data?

b) Identify Ho and Ha for this study. 

c) Conduct the appropriate analysis. 

d) Should Ho be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?