PESTLE
POLITICAL
The political environment is highly regulated where passenger are favoured over the airlines – passenger safety comes first (e.g. there are several policies about protecting passengers more than the industry
T: The industry is characterised by deregulation – more competition amongst airlines meaning passengers will go for the cheapest fares with more amenities
ECONOMIC
T: The economic recession made both economy and premium traveling to decline
T: Under pressure to cope with increasing fuel prices difficult to generate profits, resulted in increased bankruptcies and struggled with increasing labour demands
SOCIAL
O: People are getting more demanding in terms of services – there needs are changing but they are travelling more
T: Automation is a factor affecting the industry as people are using platforms such as Skype for video calls/online conference instead of travelling
TECHNOLOGICAL
T: Latest intense competition in the airline industry – to survive in the tough environment latest technology must be adapted by airlines failing to be tech-savvy results in loss of clients
O: Technology means aircrafts are lighter (making efficient aircrafts) and gain profits through offering safety and enhanced services (e.g. in-flight entertainment)
LEGAL
T: There are regulations where airlines are required to offer safe travel along with high-quality services. The laws are getting stricter which is becoming challenging for the airlines. This has increased costs for airlines to maintain certain levels of services and standards
T: Labour regulations (working hours right to strike)
ECOLOGICAL (ENVIRONMENT)
T: Increased pollution
O: There are test flights that are beginning to use bio-fuels
O: airlines are developing CSR programs to address this issue
4
Political
Government policies and financial laws have an effect on the functioning of both institutions.
Economic
Changes in the economy, both positive and negative, can have an impact on the demand for financial services and investment activity.
Social
O: People getting more demanding in terms of services but are travelling more
Technological
Both banks need to change with the times, particularly in the area of online banking.
Legal
Both banks must adhere to financial laws and regulations, and modifications to these policies may have an impact on how they do business.
Ecological (Environmental)
Climate change and sustainability are becoming more and more significant factors in bank operations and investment decisions.
The financial sector may be impacted by shifts in governmental direction and policy.
Interest rate fluctuations have an impact on borrowing costs as well as banks’ profitability.
T: Automation affecting the industry
Threat of New Entrants (Moderate)
In the banking sector, suppliers usually refer to depositors and borrowers. Due to the size and diversity of their customer bases at both banks, these groups’ individual bargaining power is diminished.
Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate)
Threat of Substitutes (Low)
Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Low)
It is challenging for new players to enter the banking sector due to high capital requirements and regulatory obstacles. Prominent establishments such as J.P. Morgan and Bank of America possess a competitive edge.
Although individual consumers have some options when choosing a bank, switching can be expensive, particularly for institutions and businesses.
Traditional banking services have few alternatives. Established banks like J.P. Morgan and Bank of America have adjusted to effectively compete despite the introduction of new alternatives by fintech innovations.
Competition Rivalry (High)
Established banks compete fiercely with one another, particularly in financial hubs like Wall Street. This rivalry encourages innovation and may exert pressure on service and price.
More investment in marketing
Skilled labour: airlines focus on retaining the best-talented professionals
INTERNAL ANALYSIS (Value Chain and VRIO)
Value Chain
VRIO Framework
| Resources/ Capabilities |
Valuable |
Rare |
Inimitable |
|
Organised |
| J.P.Morgan |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1. Commercial Banking |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2. Wealth Management |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3. Corporate Functions |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4. Technology Innovation |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bank of America |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1. Market Presence |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2. Asset Management |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3. Technology Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4. Extensive Product Range |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.P.Morgan |
Bank of America |
| Primary Activities |
|
|
| Inbound Logistics |
Efficient fund management, asset allocation, risk assessment |
Strong asset management and risk assessment
|
| Operations |
Financial services, trading, wealth management, and investment banking |
Trading, asset management, investment banking, and retail and commercial banking. |
| Outbound Logistics |
Providing clients with financial services and products |
Extensive availability of financial services. |
| Marketing and Sales |
Robust brand with a global reach. |
A large consumer base and a powerful brand. |
| Services |
Exceptional client support and customized financial plans. |
wide range of products and a customer-focused approach. |
| Support Activities |
|
|
| Firm Infrastructure |
Firmly established international office network. |
A solid presence throughout the United States |
| Human Resource Management |
Draws the best financial talent. |
Draws elite personnel to the banking sector |
| Technology Development |
Makes investments in innovative financial technologies. |
Makes technological and digital banking investments. |
| Procurement |
Safe access to resources and capital |
The availability of financial resources. |
Outbound Logistics: Emirates Sky Cargo
5
RESPONSES TO GLOBALIZATION AND CSR AND CSF
Ways of Responding
Sustainable Finance
J.P: Offering goods and services to promote social and environmental objectives, J.P. Morgan is engaged in sustainable financing. This covers impact investment, green bonds, and funding for renewable energy initiatives.
BA: In order to assist green initiatives and enterprises, the bank provides sustainable financing products and services, such as green bonds and loans.
Towards Community
J.P: The JPMorgan Chase Foundation
BA: The Bank of America Charitable Foundation
Critical Success Factors
J.P.Morgan
Financial Performance and stability
Risk Management
Operational efficiency
Bank of America
Diversified portfolio
Digital Transformation
Global Market
References
www.jpmorgan.com. (n.d.). J.P. Morgan | Official Website. [online] Available at:
https://www.jpmorgan.com.
Bank of America. (n.d.). Bank of America – Banking, Credit Cards, Loans and Merrill Investing. [online] Available at:
https://www.bankofamerica.com.
Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage : Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Riverside: Free Press, pp.11–15.
Grant, R.M. (2019). Contemporary Strategy Analysis. 10th ed. Wiley.
Hitt, M.A., R. Duane Ireland and Hoskisson, R.E. (2005). Strategic Management. South Western Educational Publishing.
Grant, R.M. (2019). Contemporary Strategy Analysis. 10th ed. Wiley.
Peng, M.W. (2016). Global business. 4th ed. Australia: Cengage Learning.
Peng, M.W. (2014). Global strategic management. South-Western Cengage Learning.
Weber, J. and Wasieleski, D.M. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Kotler, P. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility.
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