Discussion: Digestive Disorders (2 pages)

Many patient symptoms can be tied to multiple disorders, which may lead to misdiagnoses. For instance, consider two digestive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract—inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. These two disorders are commonly confused because they present similar symptoms. As an advanced practice nurse, you must know the differences to properly diagnose and treat the disorders. How does the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease compare to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome? How do treatments for the two disorders compare?

To Prepare

· Review Chapter 36 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 13 in the McPhee and Hammer text.

· Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Think about similarities and differences between the disorders.

· Consider common treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Reflect on whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder.

· Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

write 

· An explanation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences. (I am looking for an explanation at the cellular or molecular level (whenever possible).

· Then describe common treatments, addressing whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder. 

· Finally, explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

Discussion: Digestive Disorders (2 pages)

Many patient symptoms can be tied to multiple disorders, which may lead to misdiagnoses. For instance, consider two digestive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract—inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. These two disorders are commonly confused because they present similar symptoms. As an advanced practice nurse, you must know the differences to properly diagnose and treat the disorders. How does the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease compare to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome? How do treatments for the two disorders compare?

To Prepare

· Review Chapter 36 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 13 in the McPhee and Hammer text.

· Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Think about similarities and differences between the disorders.

· Consider common treatments for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Reflect on whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder.

· Select one of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

write 

· An explanation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences. (I am looking for an explanation at the cellular or molecular level (whenever possible).

· Then describe common treatments, addressing whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder. 

· Finally, explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

Unit 3-Case Study on Joshua- SOAP Note. Due sep 21. 900w and 4 references. Please use course resource textbook and DSM5 as reference.
Must Use SOAP Note template attached and
case study below.

Read the following case study: 

·

Case Vignette - Joshua
  

Complete a SOAP Note and treatment plan based on the information provided. 

All work should be original and submitted as a Word document unless otherwise indicated in the assignment instructions. ALL assignments need to be APA 7 format and accompanied title page in APA 7th edition format in order that the work would be properly identified for the student, the course, and the assignment. Work submitted without a title page will receive a grade of 0.

Case Vignette—Joshua

Presenting Situation

Joshua is a 12 year old boy who attends Middle School as a 6th grader. Joshua has been in placement with his grandmother for several months. His behavior has been on the decline since his middle sibling was recently placed in the home with him. He was strongly reactive to any signs that his sister was receiving more attention than he was. He becomes easily angered, his moods shift from constricted to volatile, with frequent angry outbursts, that carryover to and interfere with school. Joshua shows multiple signs of arousal (e.g., difficulty sleeping, impaired concentration, edginess and irritability). He was recently diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder and ADHD although he doesn’t yet have an IEP. In school, he is taking the following classes: Remedial Reading, Math, 6th grade Science, Art, Social Studies and P.E. His favorite class is Art and the Remedial Reading class is his least favorite. He is at least two years behind in reading. When he is in a happy mood, Joshua is talkative and social with his peers.

Joshua’s grandmother, who has her own history of childhood trauma, has become more depressed and overwhelmed by his emotional outbursts and she has had difficulty providing consistent caretaking to either of the children, including sending them to school. She is reluctant to make contact with the school as it just adds one more overwhelming responsibility to her life.

Trauma History

Joshua has been in the care of his Grandmother since he was 18 months old at which time Child Protective Services removed him from his parents’ care due to neglect, physical abuse and parental substance abuse. When initially interviewed by CPS the mother acknowledged that she was under tremendous stress due to an often violent relationship with her husband. She admitted that caring for Joshua was difficult because he was often irritable and rejecting of her attempts to console him. At other times, he was very restless and clingy toward the mother, especially when the father was present. She also said Joshua was “slow to develop.” The mother admitted that she and her husband had a history of drug and alcohol abuse.

At age 5, an attempt to reunify Joshua with his parents failed when he was once again removed from their care due to a report made by his Kindergarten of seeing bruises on Joshua’s legs and arms. He was placed back in care with his grandmother and has been with her since. His parents have separated and he only sees his mother at family events and holidays. He has had no contact with his father since the second set of allegations was substantiated when he was 5

S - (Subjective):

Age: 12

DOB: 05/29/2010

Race: White

Gender: Male

CC: Grandmother reports behaviors are worse than before since his sister moved into the home

HPI:

12-year-old white male recently diagnosed with ODD, and ADHD accompanied by his grandmother, that

reports his moods have been worse since his sister recently moved in with them. Client reports that

since his sister moved in with him and his grandmother that he has had trouble sleeping, concentrating

and feels on edge. According to reports received from his grandmother, he is moody, becomes easily

agitated, has angry outbursts, that interfere with school and becomes easily angered. Joshua’s

grandmother is feeling depressed and overwhelmed, having trouble coping with the responsibility of

caring for Joshua and his sister and having difficulty with following through with sending them to school.

SI/HI: Does not report any thoughts of wanting to hurt himself, but easily agitated and aggressive

towards his sister

Hallucinations: No reported AVHs

Allergies: No food, drug, or environmental allergies

PMH: Recently diagnosed with ODD and ADHD

Past Psychiatric history: No previous inpatient psychiatric stays, currently being followed in outpatient

clinical setting for management of ODD, and ADHD

Safety: Aggression towards others

Trauma: History of physical and emotional abuse while in the care of biological parents

Substance use: Denies using alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs or illicit street drugs

Current medications: NA

Previous Psych med trials: NA

Family medical history: Unknown

Family Psychiatric history: Grandmother has history of depression and childhood trauma

Family substance abuse history: Mother and Father

Social/Educational history: Full time student, does not engage in sports, enjoys taking his art classes.

Reportedly very social with peers when he is happy, and his moods are stable. No legal issues reported,

mother has minimal involvement, father not in the picture since the age of 5 years old

ROS: Denies fever or cough, no apparent distress noted, skin appears dry and intact

O – (Objective):

Vitals: T 98.4, P 72, R 16, BP 102/68

LABS: CBC, CMP and TSH within normal limits

Exam:

Client appears well nourished, age appropriate, he is alert and oriented to person, place, time and

situation, his affect is appropriate and congruent with mood, he appears calm and relaxed, able to make

and maintain eye contact. Speech is clear and non-pressured, no fidgeting noted. Displays good insight

and judgement, discussed future when finished with school.

A – (Assessment):

DX:

Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD) 313.81 (F91.3)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 314.01 (F90.1)

Client is not responding well to interventions currently in place and having trouble adjusting to sibling

entering the home. Grandmother appears to understand the need for further treatment and expressed a willingness to comply with a treatment plan. Reviewed with client and grandmother potential risks &

benefits, black box warnings, and alternatives including declining treatment

P – (Plan):

Current safety contract in place

Client encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities

Grandmother instructed to call the office or walk in if needed prior to next appointment

Client will start Adderall XR 2.5g by mouth daily, and follow up in 2 weeks

Client and Grandmother referred for therapy

Time spent in Psychotherapy 20 minutes

Visit: 55 minutes

Billing Codes for visit: 90832 outpatient visits

Student: Anna Berry, BSN RN, PMHNP-Student

Date: 05/25/2022

Time: 1300-1355