21.
According to both Erikson and Valliant, more than half of the people they studied who had entered their fifties
A.
had not shown any exceptional success at work.
B.
often did not achieve intimacy.
C.
often took responsibility for others.
D.
were often hampered by the onset of physical problems.
22.
Both Valliant and Jung reported
A.
a lessoning of gender differentiation at midlife and a tendency for men to become more nurturing and expressive.
B.
a desire to protect people from making decisions based on cultural biases.
C.
that most men and women influence decisions equally by age and by specific events.
D.
the effects of age on personality development have a profound effect on decision making.
23.
In the timing-of-events model, personality development is dependent on
A.
specific, age-related maturational processes that occur in a fairly predictable way from one person to the next.
B.
crises that occur when people turn 30, then 40, then 50 years old.
C.
significant life events that occur at different times for different people.
D.
changes in reproductive capacity.
24.
According to research on “the social clock,” which person would be viewed most negatively by other adults?
A.
A 47-year-old woman who is getting her first job
B.
A 29-year-old man who becomes president of a rapidly growing company
C.
A 47-year-old woman who is having her first child
D.
A 47-year-old man who is getting married for the first time
25.
Most research has cast doubt on the idea that middle age brings about ________ as a source of psychological disturbance.
A.
menopause
B.
a climacteric
C.
a midlife crisis
D.
a crisis of industry versus inferiority
26.
Travis is 44 years old and is worrying about his lost youth, his changing appearance, his unfulfilled dreams, and his future. Jacques (1967) would describe Travis’ emotional state as
A.
a midlife crisis.
B.
a male climacteric.
C.
stagnation.
D.
burnout.
27.
All of the following are valid criticisms of the concept of the midlife crisis EXCEPT
A.
this sort of transition is not necessarily limited to the middle years.
B.
it appears to be more related to life events, circumstances, and personality than to age.
C.
the transition, though potentially stressful, does not necessarily take on crisis proportions.
D.
midlife stress is limited chiefly to professional men.
28.
The midlife crisis is brought on by an individual’s awareness of his or her
A.
aging process.
B.
limited resources for change.
C.
mortality.
D.
inability to fulfill the dreams of his or her youth.
29.
According to research presented in your text, wearing a uniform to work
A.
is oppressive and restricting.
B.
may lower morbidity.
C.
frees individuals to think more efficiently, because they don’t have to “think about what to wear.”
D.
promotes creativity among employees.
30.
All of the following may trigger turning points, psychological transitions that involve significant change, EXCEPT
A.
major life events.
B.
normative changes.
C.
the social clock.
D.
understanding of past experiences.
