41. _____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.
A. Instinctive drift
B. Aversive conditioning
C. Expectancy learning
D. Generalizing
42. Robert drank too much tequila last night. He spent much of this morning vomiting and nauseated. According to the principles of classical conditioning, how will Robert likely react today when he tastes or smells the tequila bottle that he drank out of last night?
A. He will feel happy about what a great time he had last night.
B. He will want to drink more tequila right away.
C. He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive.
D. He will invite all of his friends over that night for another party.
43. Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.
A. immunosuppression
B. depression
C. spontaneous recovery
D. conditioned oppression
44. Taste aversion is an example of _____.
A. immunosuppression
B. classical conditioning
C. observational learning
D. counterconditioning
45. Classical conditioning helps to explain _____, which refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
A. immunosuppression
B. habituation
C. aversive conditioning
D. counterconditioning
46. While watching television, you can see how advertisers cunningly apply classical conditioning principles to consumers by showing ads that pair something pleasant with a product in hope that you, the viewer, will experience those positive feelings toward the product. In this situation the product is the _____.
A. unconditioned response
B. conditioned response
C. unconditioned stimulus
D. conditioned stimulus
47. Leonard is addicted to heroin, but is very careful about overdosing. He always uses a specific amount and takes it only in his apartment. This Friday, he got desperate for the drug while visiting a friend. This was the first time he used heroin outside his own apartment. He injected his normal "safe" dose of heroin but almost died of an overdose. According to the principles of classical conditioning what led to Leonard's condition?
A. Leonard's friend switched his drugs in order to teach him not to use drugs by switching his US with his CS.
B. The effect of the heroin was increased because Leonard injected it in a strange environment and his body could not use the stimuli in his basement to prepare for it.
C. Leonard's drug tolerance had reached its limits and his US was confounded with his CS and UR.
D. Leonard took his dose too soon and his body already had too much.
48. Which of the following helps to explain drug habituation?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Latent learning
C. Classical conditioning
D. Discovery learning
49. Which of the following is more effective in explaining voluntary behaviors?
A. Discovery learning
B. Latent learning
C. Classical conditioning
D. Operant conditioning
50. In operant conditioning, _____.
A. the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurrence of the behavior
B. which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus
C. neutral stimuli become associated with unlearned, involuntary responses
D. behavior is a consequence of the CS
