11.Changesinthequalityofagood a.donotpresentaproblemintheconstructionoftheconsumerpriceindex. b.presentaproblemintheconstructionoftheconsumerpriceindex,andthatproblemissometimesreferredtoassubstitutionbias. c.arenotaccountedfor,asamatterofpolicy,bytheBureauofLaborStatistics. d.canleadtoeitheranincreaseoradecreaseinthevalueofadollar. 12.Theintroductionofthevideocassetterecorderinthe1970sexemplifiedaprobleminmeasuringthecostofliving;thatproblemistheproblemof a.substitutionbias. b.product-improvementbias. c.introductionofnewgoods. d.unmeasuredqualitychange. 13.Anincreaseinthepriceofimportedcoffeeshowsup a.intheconsumerpriceindexandintheGDPdeflator. b.intheconsumerpriceindex,butnotintheGDPdeflator. c.intheGDPdeflator,butnotintheconsumerpriceindex. d.inneithertheconsumerpriceindexnorintheGDPdeflator. 14.Every unit ofgoodxthatisproducedintheUnitedStatesisexportedtoothercountries.Anincreaseinthepriceofgoodxshowsup a.intheconsumerpriceindexandintheGDPdeflator. b.intheconsumerpriceindex,butnotintheGDPdeflator. c.intheGDPdeflator,butnotintheconsumerpriceindex. d.inneithertheconsumerpriceindexnorintheGDPdeflator. 15.InwhichofthefollowingcaseswouldtherebeaneffectonthevalueoftheU.S.consumerpriceindex,butnotonthevalueoftheU.S.GDPdeflator? a.AllofthetrucktiresthatareproducedbyacertaincompanyinSouthKoreaaresoldtotheU.S.military,andthepriceofthesetiresdecreases. b.AllofthetrucktiresthatareproducedbyacertaincompanyinCaliforniaaresoldtotheU.S.military,andthepriceofthesetiresdecreases. c.MostofthebananasthatareproducedbyacertaincompanyinHondurasendupinU.S.grocerystores,andthepriceofthesebananasincreases. d.Mostoftheearth-movingmachinesthatareproducedbyacertaincompanyinIllinoisareexportedtoothercountries,andthepriceofthesemachinesincreases. 16.Supposethetypicalconsumerbuysmorebananasthanoranges.Infixingthebasketofgoodsandservicesforthepurposeofcalculatingtheconsumerpriceindex,theBureauofLaborStatistics a.ignoresthefactthatthetypicalconsumerbuysmorebananasthanorange;thisproceduredoesnotaffectthevalueoftheindex. b.ignoresthefactthatthetypicalconsumerbuysmorebananasthanorange;thisprocedureresultsinapotentially-seriousbiasintheindex. c.placesmoreweightonthepriceofbananasthanonthepriceoforanges;theweightsofthetwopricesaredeterminedbysurveyingconsumers. d.placesmoreweightonthepriceofbananasthanonthepriceoforanges;theweightsofthetwopricesaredeterminedbytheextenttowhichthosepriceshavechangedoverthepreviousyear. 17.Forthepurposeofcalculatingtheconsumerpriceindex,thebasketofgoods a.iskeptthesamefromyeartoyearsothattheeffectsofpricechangesareisolatedfromtheeffectofanyquantitychangesthatmightbeoccurringatthesametime. b.iskeptthesamefromyeartoyear;otherwise,thevalueoftheindexwouldremainconstantfromyeartoyear. c.variesfromyeartoyear;otherwise,thevalueoftheindexwouldremainconstantfromyeartoyear. d.variesfromyeartoyearsothatconsumers’buyingpatternsareupdatedinatimelyfashion. 18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect? a.Inordertocalculatetheinflationratefortheyear2011,weneedtoknowthevaluesoftheconsumerpriceindexfortheyears2009,2010,and2011. b.Changesintheconsumerpriceindexareoftenthoughttobeusefulinpredictingchangesintheproducerpriceindex. c.Despiteitsname,the“consumerpriceindex”reallymeasurestheoverallcostofthegoodsandservicesboughtbyconsumers,businessfirms,andunitsofgovernment. d.Ifthepricesofallgoodsandserviceschangedproportionatelyovertime,thentheconsumerpriceindexwouldreflectnosubstitutionbias. 19.Withrespecttotheconsumerpriceindex,thesubstitutionbiasarisesbecause a.pricesofgoodsandservicesdonotchangeinthesameproportionfromyeartoyear. b.consumersareslowtoadjusttheirbuyingpatternsfromyeartoyearinresponsetopricechanges. c.consumersareeagertobuynewproductsastheyareintroduced,despitetheirlackoffullinformationaboutthequalityofthoseproductsuntiltheybuyandusethem. d.Alloftheabovearecorrect. 20.Withrespecttotheconsumerpriceindex,whichofthefollowingservesasanexampleofhowthesubstitutionbiasarises?Between2010and2011,thepriceofapoundofpeanuts a.risesfrom$0.80to$1.00whilethepriceofaloafofbreadrisesfrom$2.00to$2.50. b.fallsfrom$0.90to$0.72whilethepriceofaloafofbreadfallsfrom$2.00to$1.60. c.remainsconstant,asdoesthepriceofaloafofbread. d.Noneoftheaboveservesasanexampleofhowthesubstitutionbiasarises.