11.Supposeaneconomistdevelopsatheorythathigherfoodpricesarisefromhighergasprices.Accordingtothescientificmethod,whichofthefollowingistheeconomist’snextstep? a.Collectandanalyzedata. b.Gotoalaboratoryandgeneratedatatotestthetheory. c.Publishthetheorywithouttestingit. d.Consultwithothereconomiststoseetheyagreewiththetheory. 12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsappliestoeconomics,aswellastoothersciencessuchasphysics? a.Experimentsareconsideredvalidonlywhentheyareconductedinalaboratory. b.Goodtheoriesdonotneedtobetested. c.Real-worldobservationsoftenleadtotheories. d.Economics,aswellasothersciences,isconcernedprimarilywithabstractconcepts. 13.Withrespecttohoweconomistsstudytheeconomy,whichofthefollowingstatementsismostaccurate? a.Economistsstudythepast,buttheydonottrytopredictthefuture. b.Economistsuse“rulesofthumb”topredictthefuture. c.Economistsdevisetheories,collectdata,andanalyzethedatatotestthetheories. d.Economistsusecontrolledexperimentsinmuchthesamewaythatbiologistsandphysicistsdo. 14.Economistsfaceanobstaclethatmanyotherscientistsdonotface.Whatisthatobstacle? a.Itisoftendifficulttoformulatetheoriesineconomics. b.Itisoftenimpracticaltoperformexperimentsineconomics. c.Economicscannotbeaddressedobjectively;itmustbeaddressedsubjectively. d.Thescientificmethodcannotbeappliedtothestudyofeconomics. 15.Inconductingtheirresearch,economistsfaceanobstaclethatnotallscientistsface;specifically,ineconomics,itisoftenimpracticalto a.makeuseoftheoryandobservation. b.relyuponthescientificmethod. c.conductlaboratoryexperiments. d.findarticlesorbooksthatwerewrittenbefore1900. 16.Theuseoftheoryandobservationismoredifficultineconomicsthaninsciencessuchasphysicsduetothedifficultyin a.performinganexperimentinaneconomicsystem. b.applyingmathematicalmethodstoeconomicanalysis. c.analyzingavailabledata. d.formulatingtheoriesabouteconomicevents. 17.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(are)correct? a.Relativetosomeotherscientists,economistsfinditmoredifficulttoconductexperiments. b.Theoryandobservationareimportantineconomicsaswellasinothersciences. c.Toobtaindata,economistsoftenrelyuponthenaturalexperimentsofferedbyhistory. d.Alloftheabovearecorrect. 18.Becauseitisdifficultforeconomiststouseexperimentstogeneratedata,theygenerallymust a.dowithoutdata. b.substituteassumptionsfordatawhendataareunavailable. c.relyuponhypotheticaldatathatwerepreviouslyconcoctedbyothereconomists. d.usewhateverdatatheworldgivesthem. 19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect? a.Economistsalmostalwaysfinditeasytoconductexperimentsinordertotesttheirtheories. b.Economicsisnotatruesciencebecauseeconomistsarenotusuallyallowedtoconductexperimentstotesttheirtheories. c.Economicsisasocialscienceratherthanatruesciencebecauseitcannotemploythescientificmethod. d.Economistsareusuallynotabletoconductexperiments,sotheymustrelyonnaturalexperimentsofferedbyhistory. 20.Insteadofconductinglaboratoryexperimentstogeneratedatatotesttheirtheories,economistsoften a.askwinnersoftheNobelPrizeinEconomicstoevaluatetheirtheories. b.arguethatdataisimpossibletocollectineconomics. c.gatherdatafromhistoricalepisodesofeconomicchange. d.assumethatdatawouldsupporttheirtheories.