31.Wheninflationcausesrelative-pricevariability, a.consumerdecisionsaredistortedandtheabilityofmarketstoefficientlyallocatefactorsofproductionisimpaired. b.consumerdecisionsaredistorted,butmarketsarestillabletoefficientlyallocatefactorsofproduction. c.consumerdecisionsarenotdistorted,buttheabilityofmarketstoefficientlyallocatefactorsofproductionisimpaired. d.consumerdecisionsarenotdistortedandmarketsarestillabletoefficientlyallocatefactorsofproduction. 32.Relativepricevariabilityis“automatic”when a.firmschangepricesonlyonceinawhile. b.firmschangepricesoften. c.peopleincreasethefrequencyoftheirtripstothebank. d.peopledecreasethefrequencyoftheirtripstothebank. 33.Higherinflation a.causesfirmstochangepriceslessfrequentlyandmakesrelativepriceslessvariable. b.causesfirmstochangepriceslessfrequentlyandmakesrelativepricesmorevariable. c.causesfirmstochangepricesmorefrequentlyandmakesrelativepriceslessvariable. d.causesfirmstochangepricesmorefrequentlyandmakesrelativepricesmorevariable. 34.Areductionintheinflationratewouldmakerelativeprices a.lessvariable,makingitmorelikelythatresourceswillbeallocatedtotheirbestuse. b.lessvariable,makingitlesslikelythatresourceswillbeallocatedtotheirbestuse. c.morevariable,makingitmorelikelythatresourceswillbeallocatedtotheirbestuse. d.morevariable,makingitlesslikelythatresourceswillbeallocatedtotheirbestuse. 35.Inflationisproblematicif a.itislessthanthepercentageincreaseinnominalincome. b.itislessthanthenominalreturnonsaving. c.itequalsthegrowthrateofrealGDPinthelongrun. d.itdistortsrelativeprices,causingamisallocationofresources. 36.U.S.taxlawsallowtaxpayers,incomputingtheamountoftaxtheyowe,tousetherealvalue,asopposedtothenominalvalue,of a.bothinterestincomeandcapitalgains. b.interestincomebutnotcapitalgains. c.capitalgainsbutnotinterestincome. d.neitherinterestincomenorcapitalgains. 37.IntheU.S.,peoplearerequiredtopaytaxeson a.nominalinterestearnings,irrespectiveoftheirrealinterestearnings. b.realinterestearnings,irrespectiveoftheirnominalinterestearnings. c.realcapitalgains,irrespectiveoftheirnominalcapitalgains. d.Alloftheabovearecorrect. 38.WhichofthefollowingareU.S.taxpayersallowedtoadjustforinflationforthepurposeofincometaxes? a.bothinterestincomeandcapitalgains. b.interestincomebutnotcapitalgains. c.capitalgainsbutnotinterestincome. d.neitherinterestincomenorcapitalgains. 39.IntheU.S.,taxesoncapitalgainsarecomputedusing a.nominalgains.Thisisonewaybywhichhigherinflationdiscouragessaving. b.nominalgains.Thisisonewaybywhichhigherinflationencouragessaving. c.realgains.Thisisonewaybywhichhigherinflationdiscouragessaving. d.realgains.Thisisonewaybywhichhigherinflationencouragessaving. 40.Youboughtsomesharesofstockand,overthenextyear,thepricepershareincreasedby5percent,asdidthepricelevel.Beforetaxes,youexperienced a.bothanominalgainandarealgain,andyoupaidtaxesonthenominalgain. b.bothanominalgainandarealgain,andyoupaidtaxesonlyontherealgain. c.anominalgain,butnorealgain,andyoupaidtaxesonthenominalgain. d.anominalgain,butnorealgain,andyoupaidnotaxesonthetransaction.